one end, and seeing the banana, reached for it.  He could not obtain it in this way, so he began to bite at the box and to pull at it with all his strength.  During the fifteen minutes allowed him, he worked at the box in a great variety of ways, fooling with the locks which had been attached to the hasps as well as with the cross bars and continually reaching in at the one or the other end.  He was somewhat distracted by the presence of the two observers and attended rather unsatisfactorily to the task in hand.  Not once did he touch the poles, and it is doubtful whether he even noticed them.  He was not very hungry at this time, and after a few minutes active work he virtually gave up trying to get the food.

Two days later, on May 3, the box was once more placed in position, this time with a half banana in the middle and a small piece of banana near each open end.  The two poles lay on the floor of the cage, each several feet distant from the box.  Julius was eager for food.  When released he went immediately to the box, reached in and obtained a piece of banana from the end nearer the laboratory.  He then looked in and saw the piece near the middle of the box.  His next move was to pick up the eight foot pole and push it into the box, but before pushing it all the way through, he stopped and began to pull at the box in various ways.  Shortly he returned to the pole and twice thrust it in as far as he could reach.  The first time, after thrusting it all the way through, he pulled it out and examined the end as though expecting the banana to come out with it.  After a third attempt he looked into the box, presumably seeing the banana, then turned a backward somersault, came to the end of the cage, and looked at me.  Had it been at all possible, he would have taken me by the hand and led me to the box as a helper.  After a few seconds, he returned to the pole, pried the lid of the box with it, then gnawed at the pole.  For about five minutes he worked fairly rapidly and steadily, using the poles, pulling, gnawing, and walking about.

His next move was to go to the opposite end of the box, look in, take the piece of banana which was near the opening, then pick up the second pole, which had not previously been noticed, and after a number of attempts, push it into and through the box, looking after it and then pulling it out and looking into the box.  Having done this he again came to my end of the cage, and from there returned to try once more with the pole which he had first used.  He pushed this pole all the way through, then walked to the other end of the box, looked in and reaching in, obtained the banana which had been pushed far enough along to be within his grasp.  Figures 29, 30 and 31 of plate V show stages of this process.

Julius had worked twenty-four minutes with relatively little lost time before succeeding.  He had shown almost from the start the idea of using the pole as an instrument, and his sole difficulty was in making the pole serve the desired purpose.