Later, he was given a plain stick about five feet long.  Figure 32 of plate VI shows him using this to obtain the banana in the manner described above.  He would grasp it with one or both feet, usually one, ten to fifteen inches from the floor of the cage, meanwhile holding with his hands near the top of the stick.  He would then, with all his strength, draw himself up suddenly and jump toward the banana.  Often he came down rather hard on the cement floor, much to his disgust.

Yet another method of obtaining the reward developed a day or two later.  A light red-wood stick about five feet long and an inch in its other dimensions was the only object in the cage which could possibly be of use in obtaining the banana.  The aim of the experimenter was to discover whether Julius would use this as a club.

Previously, in connection with the use of the boxes, he had taken up the same stick two or three times and reached for the banana with it, but in no case had he struck at it or clearly tried to knock it from the string, as did the child most readily and naturally.  When provided with this same stick, and it alone, as a means of obtaining the food, he hit upon the following interesting method.  Placing one end of the stick between a wooden brace and the wire side of the cage, he climbed up to a level with the banana as is shown in figure 33 of plate VI.  Then holding with one hand and one foot to a timber of the cage and to the stick with his other foot, he swung outward as far as possible and reached the banana with his free hand.  Having once succeeded by the method, he used it whenever given an opportunity.  It was impossible for him to make the reach without the use of the small stick, while with it he succeeded fairly easily and regularly.

Box and Pole Experiment

Following the box stacking test, Julius was given an opportunity to exhibit ideation in another type of experiment.  This may be designated the box and pole test.  The conditions are describable thus.  A strong wooden box eighty-four inches long, by four inches wide, by four inches deep, with open ends, was built with one side hinged.  Hasps and padlocks enabled the experimenter to lock this “lid” after food had been placed in the center of the box.  This box could be placed in the center of the large cage and there fastened by means of cross bars.  It is well shown in position in figure 29, plate V. Two poles each eight feet long and approximately one and a half inches in their other dimensions were the only additional materials in the experiment.

On May 1, Julius was allowed to see the experimenter place a half banana in this box, close the lid, lock it in position, and securely fasten the box by means of the cross bars.  He was then given opportunity to try to get the banana.  The two poles lay on opposite sides of the box and near the edges of the cage.  Doctor Hamilton and the writer were in the cage watching.  Julius looked into the box through