to strike the banana and thus dislodge it, but it was too securely fastened to be obtained thus. (7) Attention shifted to other things, and the child played for a time with the board.  Reminded of the banana by the experimenter, he again tried method (3). (8) He again used the stick on the banana. (9) The effort to knock the prize to the floor having failed, he became discouraged and said that he must go home. (10) When told that Julius was very hungry and wanted the banana, he repeated efforts similar to those described in (3) and (6).

Up to this time the observations had covered a period of twenty minutes.  The child was now taken from the cage and allowed to play about for fifteen minutes.  Asked then whether he would go back and try to get the banana, he replied, “No, ’cause I don’t want to get it,” thus indicating his discouragement with the situation.  When taken into the cage, he, nevertheless, made the additional attempts indicated below:  (11) Use of one of the boxes. (12) He remarked, “Now I know, I’ll get it,” and after so saying, repeated (3). (13) Failing, he turned to me and said, “I could get it if I was on your head,” but he did not, as Julius had done, lead me to the proper place and try to reach the banana by climbing up or by urging me to lift him. (14) Later, he played in the boxes, apparently forgetful of his task.  Finally he remarked:  “I’ll get the banana,” but he made no attempt to do so, and instead, watched the monkeys intently.  Thereafter, he showed no further interest in the solution of the problem, and the experiment, after a total period of fifty-five minutes, was discontinued.

Comparison of the behavior of the ape with that of the child indicates a greater variety of ideas for the latter.  Julius gauged his distances much more accurately than the child, attended more steadily, and worked more persistently to obtain the reward, but he did not so nearly approach the idea of stacking the boxes as did the child, for the latter, in placing the board on one of the boxes, exhibited in ineffective form the idea which should have yielded the solution of the problem.

The child was given no further opportunity to work at the problem, whereas Julius, as I shall now describe, continued his efforts on subsequent days under somewhat different conditions.  On Wednesday, March 10, the banana was suspended as formerly, and three boxes, all of them small and light enough to be readily handled by the ape, were placed in distant parts of the cage.  The six-foot stick which had been present in the test with the child, but not in the first test with Julius, was also placed in the cage.

Julius was allowed to work for about an hour.  As formerly, he was sufficiently hungry to be eager to get the food and evidently tried all of the possible ways which occurred to him.  Chief among these were (1) the use of the various boxes separately or in pairs in very varied positions but never with one upon another,—­the only way in which the banana could be reached; (2) climbing to various points on the sides of the cage, with infrequent attempts to reach the banana.  Usually his eyes saved him the vain effort.