“took possession of the whole Eastern Coast from the above latitude (38 degrees 0 minutes South) down to this place by the name of New Wales.  We fired three volleys of small arms, which were answer’d by the like number from the ship.”

Admiral Wharton says that in the King’s and the Admiralty’s copies of Cook’s Journal the name is given as New South Wales, and in a letter written to Mr. John Walker, of Whitby, dated 13th September 1771, Cook says:  “The East coast of New Holland, or what I call New South Wales.”

After a narrow escape of running on a reef near Booby Island, from which they were only saved by letting go the anchors with all sails set, they left the difficulties of the New Holland coast behind and sighted New Guinea on 29th August.

***

Footnote:  Sting Ray bay.

“The great number of New Plants, etc., our Gentlemen Botanists have collected in this place occasion’d my giving in [sic] the Name of Botanist Bay.”

Extract from the only page known to exist of the Journal of the first voyage written by Cook, and dated 6th May, 1770.  It was, July 1911, purchased by Mr. F.T.  Sabin for 451 pounds.

CHAPTER 11. 1770 TO 1771.  NEW GUINEA TO ENGLAND.

The water on the New Guinea coast was very shallow, and kept them far out in running westward, but on 3rd September they got a little nearer in, so Cook decided to attempt a landing, and then to leave, as he considered it was only wasting valuable time to go over ground that had already been explored by the Dutch.  Banks says the crew were rather sickly, they: 

“were pretty far gone with the longing for home, which the physicians have gone so far as to esteem a disease under the name of Nostalgia.  Indeed, I can find hardly anybody in the ship clear of its effects, but the Captain, Dr. Solander, and myself, and we three have ample constant employment for our minds, which I believe to be the best if not the only remedy for it.”

They were also on short allowance of food, which would necessarily have a depressing effect, and when they learnt that Cook would return to civilisation where fresh supplies could be obtained, there was a marked improvement in the general health.

Calling in at the island of Savu, some supplies were obtained, and the country is described as very lovely, although there had been no rain for seven months; the contrast with the monotonous and barren-looking country of New Holland was very marked.

At Batavia.