Nevertheless, there will be no return to the old, selfishly individualistic regime.  The lesson of organized action will have been learned, and a vast increase of voluntary co-operation, that is, of the socialism that is true democracy may be anticipated as a beneficent result of the War.  This will be one of the great compensations for the waste of our heritage, spiritual and material, through the War. The voluntary socialization of previously individualistic democracy will be the next great forward movement of the human spirit.

XIII

THE WAR AND FEMINISM

Of all consequences of the War, perhaps none is more significant than its effect upon the position of women.  Militarism and feminism are counter currents in the tide of history.  All recrudescence of brute force carries the subjugation of women.  In the degree to which professional militarism prevails in any society, women are forced into hard industrial activities, despised because fulfilled by women.  On the other hand, a group of carefully protected women is held apart as a fine adornment of life.  Both ways militarism accentuates the property idea in reference to women:  the one type, useful, the other, adorning, property.  The one shows in marriage by purchase, the other in the dowry system.  It is hard to say which is more dishonoring to women.  It would, perhaps, seem preferable and less offensive to be bought as useful, rather than accepted with a money payment, as an adorning but expensive possession, where, as with the automobile, “it is the upkeep that counts.”  Surely, however, either attitude is degrading enough.

The accentuation, in the present War, of the notion of women as property, is evident in more brutal form in the horrors of rape, in the deliberate and organized use of women as breeders, with the same efficiency with which Germany breeds her swine.

Nevertheless, here, too, strong counter currents are at work.  As this is a war of nations, not of armies, it is the whole people that, in each instance, has had to be mobilized and organized.  In all the democracies women have voluntarily risen to this need, just as citizens have voluntarily become soldiers.  Thus women, by the legion, are working in munition factories, on the farms, in productive plants of every kind, in public service and commerce organizations.  The noble way in which women have accepted the double burden has created a wave of reverent admiration throughout the world.  Thus where professional militarism tends to despise the industrial activities into which it forces women, war for defense and justice causes reverence for the same socially necessary activities and for the women who so courageously undertake them for the sake of all.

Moreover, the increased freedom of action for women will outlast its temporary cause.  Once so admitted to new fields of industrial, business and professional activity, women can never be generally excluded from them again.  Thus when the soldiers become citizens, many of the women will remain producers, working beside men under new conditions of equality.