[Footnote 1:  The functions of the old priest-king were divided, the political being assigned to the consuls, the duty of sacrificing to the newly-created rex sacrificulus, who was chosen from the patricians:  he was, nevertheless, subject to the control of the Pontifex Maximus, by whom he was chosen from several nominees of the college of priests.]

[Footnote 2:  This, of course applied only to patricians.  Plebians were accounted nobodies.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 3:  The insula Tiberina between Rome and the Janiculum.]

[Footnote 4:  Vindicta was properly the rod which was laid on the head of a slave by the magistrate who emancipated him, or by one of his attendants:  the word is supposed to be derived from vim dicere (to declare authority).]

[Footnote 5:  Near the Janiculum, between the Via Aurelia and the Via Claudia.]

[Footnote 6:  A part of the Palatine.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 7:  The goddess of victory [vi(n)co-pot(is)].]

[Footnote 8:  Practically a sentence of combined excommunication and outlawry.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 9:  Now Chiusi.]

[Footnote 10:  They did not let these salt-works by auction, but took them under their own management, and carried them on by means of persons employed to work on the public account.  These salt-works, first established at Ostia by Ancus, were, like other public property, farmed out to the publicans.  As they had a high rent to pay, the price of salt was raised in proportion; but now the patricians, to curry favour with the plebeians, did not let the salt-pits to private tenants, but kept them in the hands of public labourers, to collect all the salt for the public use; and appointed salesmen to retail it to the people at a cheaper rate.]

[Footnote 11:  Just below the sole remaining pillar of the Pons Aemilius.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 12:  Macaulay, in his “Lays of Ancient Rome,” has made this incident the basis of one of the most stirring poems in the English language.  Though familiar to all, it does not seem out of place to quote from his “Horatius” in connection with the story as told by Livy: 

 “Alone stood brave Horatius,
      But constant still in mind;
    Thrice thirty thousand foes before
      And the broad flood behind. 
    ‘Down with him!’ cried false Sextus,
      With smile on his pale face. 
    ‘Now yield thee,’ cried Lars Porsena,
     ‘Now yield thee to our grace.’

* * * * *

     ’O Tiber! father Tiber! 
      To whom the Romans pray,
    A Roman’s life, a Roman’s arms,
      Take thou in charge this day!’
    So he spake, and speaking, sheathed
      The good sword by his side,
    And with his harness on his back
      Plunged headlong in the tide.