XXIV.  That well-ordered States always provide rewards and punishments for their Citizens; and never set off deserts against misdeeds

XXV.  That he who would reform the institutions of a free State, must retain at least the semblance of old ways

XXVI.  That a new Prince in a city or province of which he has taken possession, ought to make everything new

XXVII.  That Men seldom know how to be wholly good or wholly bad

XXVIII.  Whence it came that the Romans were less ungrateful to their citizens than were the Athenians

XXIX.  Whether a People or a Prince is the more ungrateful

XXX.  How Princes and Commonwealths may avoid the vice of ingratitude; and how a Captain or Citizen may escape being undone by it

XXXI.  That the Roman Captains were never punished with extreme severity for misconduct; and where loss resulted to the Republic merely through their ignorance or want of judgment, were not punished at all

XXXII.  That a Prince or Commonwealth should not defer benefits until they are forced to yield them

XXXIII.  When a mischief has grown up in, or against a State, it is safer to temporize with it than to meet it with violence

XXXIV.  That the authority of the Dictator did good and not harm to the Roman Republic; and that it is, not those powers which are given by the free suffrages of the People, but those which ambitious Citizens usurp for themselves that are pernicious to a State

XXXV.  Why the creation of the Decemvirate in Rome, although brought about by the free and open suffrage of the Citizens, was hurtful to the liberties of that Republic

XXXVI.  That Citizens who have held the higher offices of a Commonwealth should not disdain the lower

XXXVII.  Of the mischief bred in Rome by the Agrarian Law:  and how it is a great source of disorder in a Commonwealth to pass a law opposed to ancient usage with stringent retrospective effect

XXXVIII.  That weak Republics are irresolute and undecided; and that the course they may take depends more on Necessity than Choice

XXXIX.  That often the same accidents are seen to befall different Nations

XL.  Of the creation of the Decemvirate in Rome, and what therein is to be noted.  Wherein among other matters it is shown how the same causes may lead to the safety or to the ruin of a Commonwealth

XLI.  That it is unwise to pass at a bound from leniency to severity, or to a haughty bearing from a humble

XLII.  How easily men become corrupted

XLIII.  That men fighting in their own cause make good and resolute
Soldiers

XLIV.  That the Multitude is helpless without a head:  and that we should not with the same breath threaten and ask leave

XLV.  That it is of evil example, especially in the maker of a law, not to observe the law when made:  and that daily to renew acts of severity in a City is most hurtful to the Governor