Reports of glacial man in America have come from places as widely separated as California and Argentina.  Careful investigation, however, has always thrown doubt on any great age being certainly attributable to any human remains.  In view of the fragmentary character of the skeletal evidence, the fact that no proof of great antiquity could be drawn from the characters of the human skeletal parts, and the suggestion made by Dr. Bowman of the possibility that the gravels which contained the bones might be of a later origin than he thought, we determined to make further and more complete investigations in 1912.  It was most desirable to clear up all doubts and dissolve all skepticism.  I felt, perhaps mistakenly, that while a further study of the geology of the Cuzco Basin undoubtedly might lead Dr. Bowman to reverse his opinion, as was expected by some geologists, if it should lead him to confirm his original conclusions the same skeptics would be likely to continue their skepticism and say he was trying to bolster up his own previous opinions.  Accordingly, I believed it preferable to take another geologist, whose independent testimony would give great weight to those conclusions should he find them confirmed by an exhaustive geological study of the Huatanay Valley.  I asked Dr. Bowman’s colleague, Professor Gregory, to make the necessary studies.  At his request a very careful map of the Huatanay Valley was prepared under the direction of Chief Topographer Albert H. Bumstead.  Dr. Eaton, who had had no opportunity of seeing Peru, was invited to accompany us and make a study of the bones of modern Peruvian cattle as well as of any other skeletal remains which might be found.

Furthermore, it seemed important to me to dig a tunnel into the Ayahuaycco hillside at the exact point from which we took the bones in 1911.  So I asked Mr. K. C. Heald, whose engineering training had been in Colorado, to superintend it.  Mr. Heald dug a tunnel eleven feet long, with a cross-section four and a half by three feet, into the solid mass of gravel.  He expected to have to use timbering, but so firmly packed was the gravel that this was not necessary.  No bones or artifacts were found—­nothing but coarse gravel, uniform in texture and containing no unmistakable evidences of stratification.  Apparently the bones had been in a land slip on the edge of an older, compact gravel mass.

In his studies of the Cuzco Basin Professor Gregory came to the conclusion that the Ayahuaycco gravel banks might have been repeatedly buried and reexcavated many times during the past few centuries.  He found evidence indicating periodic destruction and rebuilding of some gravel terraces, “even within the past one hundred years.”  Accordingly there was no longer any necessity to ascribe great antiquity to the bones or the wall which we found in the Ayahuaycco quebrada.  Although the “Cuzco gravels are believed to have reached their greatest extent and thickness in late Pleistocene times,”