[2] A league, usually about 3 1/3 miles, is really the distance an average mule can walk in an hour.

[3] Fernando Montesinos, an ecclesiastical lawyer of the seventeenth century, appears to have gone to Peru in 1629 as the follower of that well-known viceroy, the Count of Chinchon, whose wife having contracted malaria was cured by the use of Peruvian bark or quinine and was instrumental in the introduction of this medicine into Europe, a fact which has been commemorated in the botanical name of the genus cinchona.  Montesinos was well educated and appears to have given himself over entirely to historical research.  He traveled extensively in Peru and wrote several books.  His history of the Incas was spoiled by the introduction, in which, as might have been expected of an orthodox lawyer, he contended that Peru was peopled under the leadership of Ophir, the great-grandson of Noah!  Nevertheless, one finds his work to be of great value and the late Sir Clements Markham, foremost of English students of Peruvian archeology, was inclined to place considerable credence in his statements.  His account of pre-Hispanic Peru has recently been edited for the Hakluyt Society by Mr. Philip A. Means of Harvard University.

[4] Another version of this event is that the quarrel was over a game of chess between the Inca and Diego Mendez, another of the refugees, who lost his temper and called the Inca a dog.  Angered at the tone and language of his guest, the Inca gave him a blow with his fist.  Diego Mendez thereupon drew a dagger and killed him.  A totally different account from the one obtained by Garcilasso from his informants is that in a volume purporting to have been dictated to Friar Marcos by Manco’s son, Titu Cusi, twenty years after the event.  I quote from Sir Clements Markham’s translation: 

“After these Spaniards had been with my Father for several years in the said town of Viticos they were one day, with much good fellowship, playing at quoits with him; only them, my Father and me, who was then a boy [ten years old].  Without having any suspicion, although an Indian woman, named Banba, had said that the Spaniards wanted to murder the Inca, my Father was playing with them as usual.  In this game, just as my Father was raising the quoit to throw, they all rushed upon him with knives, daggers and some swords.  My Father, feeling himself wounded, strove to make some defence, but he was one and unarmed, and they were seven fully armed; he fell to the ground covered with wounds, and they left him for dead.  I, being a little boy, and seeing my Father treated in this manner, wanted to go where he was to help him.  But they turned furiously upon me, and hurled a lance which only just failed to kill me also.  I was terrified and fled amongst some bushes.  They looked for me, but could not find me.  The Spaniards, seeing that my Father had ceased to breathe, went out of the gate, in high spirits, saying, ‘Now that we have killed the Inca we have nothing to fear.’  But at this moment the captain Rimachi Yupanqui arrived with some Antis, and presently chased them in such sort that, before they could get very far along a difficult road, they were caught and pulled from their horses.  They all had to suffer very cruel deaths and some were burnt.  Notwithstanding his wounds my Father lived for three days.”