Monkeys were abundant.  Specimens of six distinct genera were found, including the large red howler, inert and easily located by its deep, roaring bellow which can be heard for a distance of several miles; the giant black spider monkey, very alert, and, when frightened, fairly flying through the branches at astonishing speed; and a woolly monkey, black in color, and very intelligent in expression, frequently tamed by the savages, who “enjoy having them as pets but are not averse to eating them when food is scarce.”  “The flesh of monkeys is greatly appreciated by these Indians, who preserved what they did not require for immediate needs by drying it over the smoke of a wood fire.”

On the Cosireni Mr. Maynard noticed that one of his Indian guides carried a package, wrapped in leaves, which on being opened proved to contain forty or fifty large hairless grubs or caterpillars.  The man finally bit their heads off and threw the bodies into a small bag, saying that the grubs were considered a great delicacy by the savages.

The Indians we met at Espiritu Pampa closely resembled those seen in the lower valley.  All our savages were bareheaded and barefooted.  They live so much in the shelter of the jungle that hats are not necessary.  Sandals or shoes would only make it harder to use the slippery little trails.  They had seen no strangers penetrate this valley for about ten years, and at first kept their wives and children well secluded.  Later, when Messrs. Hendriksen and Tucker were sent here to determine the astronomical position of Espiritu Pampa, the savages permitted Mr. Tucker to take photographs of their families.  Perhaps it is doubtful whether they knew just what he was doing.  At all events they did not run away and hide.

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Figure

Campa Men at Espiritu Pampa
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Figure

Campa Women and Children at Espiritu Pampa
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All the men and older boys wore white fillets of bamboo.  The married men had smeared paint on their faces, and one of them was wearing the characteristic lip ornament of the Campas.  Some of the children wore no clothing at all.  Two of the wives wore long tunics like the men.  One of them had a truly savage face, daubed with paint.  She wore no fillet, had the best tunic, and wore a handsome necklace made of seeds and the skins of small birds of brilliant plumage, a work of art which must have cost infinite pains and the loss of not a few arrows.  All the women carried babies in little hammocks slung over the shoulder.  One little girl, not more than six years old, was carrying on her back a child of two, in a hammock supported from her head by a tump-line.  It will be remembered that forest Indians nearly always use tump-lines so as to allow their hands free play.  One of the wives was fairer than the others and looked as though she might have had a Spanish ancestor.  The most savage-looking of the women was very scantily clad, wore a necklace of seeds, a white lip ornament, and a few rags tied around her waist.  All her children were naked.  The children of the woman with the handsome necklace were clothed in pieces of old tunics, and one of them, evidently her mother’s favorite, was decorated with bird skins and a necklace made from the teeth of monkeys.