a fit residence for a royal Inca, an exile from Cuzco.  It is 245 feet by 43 feet.  There were no windows, but it was lighted by thirty doorways, fifteen in front and the same in back.  It contained ten large rooms, besides three hallways running from front to rear.  The walls were built rather hastily and are not noteworthy, but the principal entrances, namely, those leading to each hall, are particularly well made; not, to be sure, of “marble” as Ocampo said—­there is no marble in the province—­but of finely cut ashlars of white granite.  The lintels of the principal doorways, as well as of the ordinary ones, are also of solid blocks of white granite, the largest being as much as eight feet in length.  The doorways are better than any other ruins in Uilcapampa except those of Machu Picchu, thus justifying the mention of them made by Ocampo, who lived near here and had time to become thoroughly familiar with their appearance.  Unfortunately, a very small portion of the edifice was still standing.  Most of the rear doors had been filled up with ashlars, in order to make a continuous fence.  Other walls had been built from the ruins, to keep cattle out of the cultivated pampa.  Rosaspata is at an elevation which places it on the borderland between the cold grazing country, with its root crops and sublimated pigweeds, and the temperate zone where maize flourishes.

On the south side of the hilltop, opposite the long palace, is the ruin of a single structure, 78 feet long and 35 feet wide, containing doors on both sides, no niches and no evidence of careful workmanship.  It was probably a barracks for a company of soldiers.

The intervening “pampa” might have been the scene of those games of bowls and quoits, which were played by the Spanish refugees who fled from the wrath of Gonzalo Pizarro and found refuge with the Inca Manco.  Here may have occurred that fatal game when one of the players lost his temper and killed his royal host.

Our excavations in 1915 yielded a mass of rough potsherds, a few Inca whirl-bobs and bronze shawl pins, and also a number of iron articles of European origin, heavily rusted—­horseshoe nails, a buckle, a pair of scissors, several bridle or saddle ornaments, and three Jew’s-harps.  My first thought was that modern Peruvians must have lived here at one time, although the necessity of carrying all water supplies up the hill would make this unlikely.  Furthermore, the presence here of artifacts of European origin does not of itself point to such a conclusion.  In the first place, we know that Manco was accustomed to make raids on Spanish travelers between Cuzco and Lima.  He might very easily have brought back with him a Spanish bridle.  In the second place the musical instruments may have belonged to the refugees, who might have enjoyed whiling away their exile with melancholy twanging.  In the third place the retainers of the Inca probably visited the Spanish market in Cuzco, where there would have been displayed at times