One of the principal ceremonies of the tiwa consisted formerly (and does still in some places) in human sacrifices.  Where the Dutch Government extended these were not permitted; but sometimes carabaos or pigs were killed in a cruel manner, with the blood of which the high priest smeared the forehead, breast, and arms of the head of the family.  Similar sacrifices of slaves or pigs were practised amongst the ancient Filipinos, with peculiar ceremonies by female priests (Catalonas).

[182] In the chapter De monstris et quasi monstris * * * of Father Camel, London Philos.  Trans., p. 2259, it is stated that in the mountains between Guiuan and Borongan, footsteps, three times as large as those of ordinary men, have been found.  Probably the skulls of Lauang, which are pressed out in breadth, and covered with a thick crust of calcareous sinter, the gigantic skulls (skulls of giants) have given rise to the fable of the giants’ footsteps.

[183] Hemiramphus viviparus, W. Peters (Berlin Monatsb., March 16, 1865).

[184] Lehrbuch der Pharmakognosie des Pflanzenreichs (Compendium of the “Pharmacopoeia of the Vegetable Kingdom,”) p. 698.

[185] Philos.  Trans. 1699, No. 249, pages 44, 87.

[186] At Borongan the tinaja of 12 gantas cost six reals (one quart about two pesetas), the pot two reals, the freight to Manila three reals, or, if the product is carried as cargo (matrose), two and one-half reals.  The price at Manila refers to the tinaja of sixteen gantas.

[187] Newly prepared coconut oil serves for cooking, but quickly becomes rancid.  It is very generally used for lighting.  In Europe, where it seldom appears in a fluid state, as it does not dissolve until 16 deg.  R., (20 C. or 68 Fahr.) it is used in the manufacture of tapers, but especially for soap, for which it is peculiarly adapted.  Coconut soap is very hard, and brilliantly white, and is dissolved in salt water more easily than any other soap.  The oily nut has lately been imported from Brazil into England under the name of “copperah,” (copra) and pressed after heating.

[188] On Pigafetta’s map Leyte is divided into two parts, the north being called Baibay, and the south Ceylon.  When Magellan in Massana (Limasana) inquired after the most considerable places of business, Ceylon (i.e.  Leyte), Calagan (Caraga), and Zubu (Cebu) were named to him.  Pigaf., 70.

[189] According to Dr. Gerstaecker:  Oedipoda subfasciata, Haan, Acridium Manilense, Meyen.  The designation of Meyen which the systemists must have overlooked, has the priority of Haan’s; but it requires to be altered to Oedipoda Manilensis, as the species does not belong to the genus acridium in the modern sense.  It occurs also in Luzon and in Timor, and is closely allied to our European migratory locusts Oedipoda migratoria.

[190] After the king had withdrawn * * * “sweetmeats and cakes in abundance were brought, and also roasted locusts, which were pressed upon the guests as great delicacies.”—­“Col.  Fytche’s Mission to Mandalay Parliament,” Papers, June, 1869.