10.  Who may punish a pirate?  Can a pirate claim the protection of the American flag?

11.  Has the United States ever formally declared war?  May war begin without a formal declaration?  Does the president act with congress in declaring war, as in case of a law?

What protection is afforded by letters of marque and reprisal?  Name some well known privateers.  Tell about the “Alabama Claims,” and their settlement.  Upon what principle of international law did the decision hinge?  See page 353.

12.  With what other power is that of raising an army intimately connected?  That of maintaining an army?  How large is the United States army at the present time?  Give arguments in favor of the militia system, as against that of a large standing army.  What circumstances favor us in adopting the militia system?  What country in Europe is most like us in this respect?  Why is this possible in that country?  Where are most of the officers of the U.S. army educated?  How are appointments to the institution made?  By what authority has congress established it?  What is a military “draft?”

Who has charge of this department of the government?  Name the four highest officers in the U. S. army.  For the organization of the army, see page 309.

13.  Name the present secretary of the navy; the two highest naval officers.  Where are most of the naval officers educated?  How does the navy of the United States compare with the navies of other great powers?  Why?  For organization of navy, see appendix.

14.  What is the difference between military law and martial law?  How are these “rules” made known?  What is the source of authority in a military court?  In a civil court?  Is there any liability of a conflict of jurisdiction between these courts?  When was flogging abolished in the army?  In the navy?  What punishments are inflicted by courts martial?

15.  Distinguish between the militia and the regular army.  Between militia and “volunteers.”

16.  How many regiments of organized militia in this state?  Name the principal regimental officers.  By whose authority were these appointed?  Is there any “company” near you?  Have you seen them drilling?  Who prescribed the “tactics?”

17.  Over what portions of this state has congress this “exclusive jurisdiction?” Give a brief sketch of the District of Columbia.  When and by whom was slavery abolished therein?

18.  Why should this be spoken of as “the sweeping clause?”

Debate.

Resolved, That free trade should be the ultimate policy for any country.

References.

PROTECTION.—­Articles in Cyclopedias; Casey’s Social Science, McKean’s
Abridgment; Greeley’s Political Economy; Byle’s Sophisms of Free Trade;
Elder’s Questions of the Day; Bowen’s Political Economy.

FREE TRADE.—­Articles in Cyclopedias; Grosvenor’s Does Protection Protect? 
Sumner’s History of Protection in U.S.; Fawcett’s Free Trade and
Protection; David A. Wells’ Essays; Pamphlets published by the Free Trade
Club, N.Y.