1.  The terms of representatives may end.

2.  The houses may agree to adjourn.

[Illustration:  SENATE CHAMBER]

[Illustration:  HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES]

[Illustration:  STATE, WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS.]

[Illustration:  INTERIOR DEPARTMENT]

3.  In case of disagreement between the houses as to the time of adjournment, the president may adjourn them. (This contingency has never yet arisen, however.)

SECTION VI.  MEMBERS.

Clause 1.—­Privileges.

The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for the services,[1] to be ascertained by law,[2] and paid out of the treasury of the United States.[3] They shall in all cases except treason,[4] felony,[4] and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same;[5] and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.[6]

[1] See discussion in connection with state legislature, p. 85.

[2] The salary of congressmen is, therefore, fixed by themselves, subject only to the approval of the president.  It is now $5000 a year, and mileage.  The speaker receives $8000 a year and mileage.  The president pro tempore of the Senate receives the same while serving as president of the Senate.

[3] They are serving the United States.

[4] Defined on pages 158 and 211.

[5] So that their constituents may not for frivolous or sinister reasons be deprived of representation.

[6] That is, he cannot be sued for slander in a court of justice, but he can be checked by his house, if necessary, and the offensive matter omitted from the Record.

The purpose of this provision is not to shield cowards in speaking ill of persons who do not deserve reproach, but to protect right-minded members in exposing iniquity, no matter how the doers of it may be intrenched in wealth or power.

Clause 2.—­Restrictions.

No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time;[1] and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.[2]

[1] The obvious purpose of this provision is to remove from members of congress the temptation to create offices with large salaries for their own benefit, or to increase for a similar reason the salaries of offices already existing.  It was designed also to secure congress from undue influence on the part of the president.