What provision of the constitution is amended by the second clause of the fourteenth amendment?  What change is made?  How often does the “counting” take place?  What is it called?  When will the next one occur?  Has the penalty mentioned in the second clause ever been inflicted?

Name persons affected by the third clause of the fourteenth amendment.  Name persons from whom the disabilities have been removed.  How were they removed?  Name persons against whom the disabilities still lie.  May they vote?  What provision of the original constitution is affected by the last sentence of this clause, and how is it modified?

How much money was expended in suppressing the rebellion?  How was it raised?  How much debt has been paid?  How much remains unpaid?  Did you ever see a United States bond or note?  How much is a confederate bond for $1000 worth?  Why?  Have any emancipated slaves been paid for by the government?

What is the necessity of the clause commencing, “The congress shall have power?”

What is secured to negroes by the thirteenth amendment?  By the fourteenth?  By the fifteenth?  Name persons who are citizens but cannot vote.  Name three eminent colored men.

What clause could be omitted from the constitution without affecting it?

PART IV.

GOVERNMENT IN GENERAL.

CHAPTER XXX.

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT.

Classification.—­Aristotle divided governments into three chief classes, based upon the number of persons constituting the governing element, as follows:  government by one, monarchy; by the few, oligarchy; by the many, democracy.

Subdivisions of these classes may be made as follows.

1.  By one, monarchy; hereditary or elective; absolute or limited.

2.  By the few, oligarchy or aristocracy.

3.  By the many, democracy or republic.

Definitions and examples.—­A hereditary monarchy is one in which the succession is acquired by birth, the usual order being from father to eldest son; examples, England, Prussia, etc.

An elective monarchy is one in which the succession is by election; the term for life; example, the old German empire, in which the emperor was chosen by certain princes called “electors.” [Footnote:  Our mode of electing a president may have been suggested in part by this old practice.]

An absolute monarchy is one in which the three functions of government as related to law—­the legislative, executive and judicial—­are all vested in one person; examples, Russia and Turkey in Europe, and most of the countries of Asia and Africa.

A limited monarchy is one in which the sovereign’s power is confined chiefly to executing the laws framed and interpreted by other departments; examples, England, and most of the other countries of Europe.