That is, no state can give its citizens any privileges which it denies to citizens of other states.  For instance, a citizen of Wisconsin, New York or California, coming to Minnesota has all the privileges of a citizen of Minnesota.  To be sure he cannot vote in Minnesota until he has resided here for a time.  This is simply a police regulation, to prevent fraud in voting.  But he is entitled to the protection of the laws of Minnesota, may hold property here, and may engage in any business in which a citizen of Minnesota may engage.

He cannot, however, carry with him any special privileges which he may have enjoyed in the state from which he came.  Thus, if one state permits a person to vote upon declaring his intention to become a citizen while another requires that a voter shall be a full citizen, a person coming from the first state cannot claim the right to vote in the second until he becomes a full citizen.

Study in this connection the first clause of the fourteenth amendment.

Clause 2.—­Fugitives from Justice.

A person charged in any state with treason, felony or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime.

The necessity for this provision will readily be understood, when it is remembered that each state has jurisdiction only within its own limits.  But for this provision, criminals would be comparatively free from restraint, because they could in most cases get into another state.  And this would of course tend to increase the number of criminals. (See pp. 337, 349.)

As civilization advances, countries independent of each other politically agree, for their mutual protection, to surrender to each other fugitives from justice.  Treaties made for this purpose are called extradition treaties.

Clause 3.—­Fugitives from Service.

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.

This clause was inserted as a concession to the slave-holding states, and had special reference to slaves, though it also applied to apprentices and any other persons who for any reason might be “bound to service.”  But as slavery no longer exists, and apprenticeship and other binding to service are almost things of the past, this provision is practically obsolete.

SECTION III.—­NEW STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Clause 1.—­The Admission of New States.

New states may be admitted by the congress into this Union;[1] but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state;[2] nor shall any state be formed by the junction of two or more states or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the congress.[3]