To be happy is the chiefest prize; to be glorious the next lot:  if a man have lighted on both and taken them to be his, he hath attained unto the supreme crown.

[Footnote 1:  Typhon.]

[Footnote 2:  Reading [Greek:  erion].]

[Footnote 3:  Plataea.]

[Footnote 4:  I. e. it is better to be envied than to be pitied.]

II.

For Hieron of Syracuse,

Winner in the chariot-race.

* * * * *

The classification of this ode as Pythian is probably a mistake:  perhaps the victory was won at the Theban festival in honour of Herakles, or of Iolaos.

Anaxilaos, tyrant of Rhegium and Messana, had been deterred by Hieron’s threats from attacking the Epizephyrian Lokrians, and the ode is partly occupied with congratulations of Hieron on this protective act.  As Anaxilaos died B.C. 476, and Hieron was only placed at the head of the Syracusan state two years before, this seems to fix the date somewhere in these two years.  As Pindar talks of sending his song across the sea, we may suppose that it was sung at Syracuse.

There is much obscurity about the significances of this ode.  The poet’s motive in telling the story of Ixion’s sins has been variously guessed at.  Some think it was meant to deter Hieron from contriving the death of his brother Polyzelos in battle in order to get possession of Polyzelos’ wife (and if Hieron was to be suspected of such a thought it would be quite in Pindar’s manner to mingle warning and reproof with praise):  some think that it refers to the ingratitude of Anaxilaos toward Hieron.  And most probably the latter part of the ode, in which sincerity is approved, and flattery and calumny are condemned, had some special and personal reference, though we need not suppose, as the commentators are fond of doing here and elsewhere, that it was aimed at Bacchylides or other rival poets.

* * * * *

Great city of Syracuse, precinct of warrior Ares, of iron-armed men and steeds the nursing-place divine, to thee I come[1], bearing from my bright Thebes this song, the tidings of earth-shaking racing of the four-horse car, wherein hath Hieron with his goodly chariot overcome, and decked with far-seen splendour of crowns Ortygia the dwelling-place of Artemis of the river, her by whose help he tamed with soothing hand his colts of spangled rein.

For the archer maiden with both hands fitteth the glittering trappings, and Hermes, god of games, whensoever Hieron to the polished car and bridle-guided wheels[2] yoketh the strength of his steeds, calling on the wide-ruling god, the trident-wielder.