teaching was, when he died, only to some extent accepted in his own country, whilst outside England he counted scarcely twenty adherents; if we may believe the introductory note to Voltaire’s exposition of his theory.  It was, indeed, chiefly owing to this treatise of Voltaire’s that the system became known in France nearly twenty years after Newton’s death.  Until then a firm, resolute, and patriotic stand was made by the Cartesian Vortices; whilst only forty years previously, this same Cartesian philosophy had been forbidden in the French schools; and now in turn d’Agnesseau, the Chancellor, refused Voltaire the Imprimatur for his treatise on the Newtonian doctrine.  On the other hand, in our day Newton’s absurd theory of color still completely holds the field, forty years after the publication of Goethe’s.  Hume, too, was disregarded up to his fiftieth year, though he began very early and wrote in a thoroughly popular style.  And Kant, in spite of having written and talked all his life long, did not become a famous man until he was sixty.

[Footnote 1:  See especially Sec.Sec. 35, 113, 118, 120, 122, 128.]

Artists and poets have, to be sure, more chance than thinkers, because their public is at least a hundred times as large.  Still, what was thought of Beethoven and Mozart during their lives? what of Dante? what even of Shakespeare?  If the latter’s contemporaries had in any way recognized his worth, at least one good and accredited portrait of him would have come down to us from an age when the art of painting flourished; whereas we possess only some very doubtful pictures, a bad copperplate, and a still worse bust on his tomb.[1] And in like manner, if he had been duly honored, specimens of his handwriting would have been preserved to us by the hundred, instead of being confined, as is the case, to the signatures to a few legal documents.  The Portuguese are still proud of their only poet Camoens.  He lived, however, on alms collected every evening in the street by a black slave whom he had brought with him from the Indies.  In time, no doubt, justice will be done everyone; tempo e galant uomo; but it is as late and slow in arriving as in a court of law, and the secret condition of it is that the recipient shall be no longer alive.  The precept of Jesus the son of Sirach is faithfully followed:  Judge none blessed before his death.[2] He, then, who has produced immortal works, must find comfort by applying to them the words of the Indian myth, that the minutes of life amongst the immortals seem like years of earthly existence; and so, too, that years upon earth are only as the minutes of the immortals.

[Footnote 1:  A. Wivell:  An Inquiry into the History, Authenticity, and Characteristics of Shakespeare’s Portraits; with 21 engravings.  London, 1836.]

[Footnote 2:  Ecclesiasticus, xi. 28.]