2.  The limitation as to right of entry.  The power of inspectors to “enter, inspect, and examine at all reasonable times by day or night, a factory or a workshop, and every part thereof, when he has reason to believe that any person is employed therein, and to enter by day any place he has reasonable cause to believe to be a factory or workshop,” is in fact not applicable in the case of dwelling-rooms used for workshops.  In a large number of cases of the worst form of “sweating,” the inspector has no right of entrance but by consent of the occupant, and the time which elapses before such consent is given suffices to enable the “sweater” to adjust matters so as to remove all evidence of infringements of the law.

3.  The restricted power in reference to sanitation.  A factory inspector has no sanitary powers; he cannot act save through the sanitary officer.  The machinery of sanitary reform thus loses effectiveness.

Compulsory registration of workshops, adequate inspection, and reform of machinery of sanitary reform, would be of material value in dealing with some of the evils of the small workshop.  But it would by no means put an end to “sweating.”  So far as it admitted the continuance of the small workshop, it would neither directly nor indirectly abate the evil of low wages.  It is even possible that any rapid extension of the Factory Act might, by limiting the amount of employment in small workshops, increase for a time the misery of those low-skilled workers, who might be incapable of undertaking regular work in the larger factory.  It is, at any rate, not evident that such legislative reform would assist low-class workers to obtain decent wages and regular employment, though it would improve the other conditions under which they worked.

Again, existing factory legislation by no means covers even theoretically the whole field of “sweating.”  Public-houses, restaurants, all shops and places of amusement, laundries, and certain other important forms of employment, which escape the present factory legislation, are in their lower branches liable to the evils of “sweating,” and should be included under such factory legislation as seeks to remedy these evils.

Sec. 2.  Co-operative Production.—­The organization of labour is the second form of remedy.  It is urged that wherever effective organization exists in any trade, there is no danger of sweating.  We have therefore, it is maintained, only to organize the lower grades of labour, and “sweating” will cease to exist.  There are two forms of organization commonly advocated, Co-operation and Trade Unionism.