20.  II.  Vi.  Last Campaigns in Samnium

21.  II.  VII.  Decline of the Roman Naval Power

22.  According to Servius (in Aen. iv. 628) it was stipulated in the Romano-Carthaginian treaties, that no Roman should set foot on (or rather occupy) Carthaginian, and no Carthaginian on Roman, soil, but Corsica was to remain in a neutral position between them (-ut neque Romani ad litora Carthaginiensium accederent neque Carthaginienses ad litora Romanorum.....Corsica esset media inter Romanos et Carthaginienses-).  This appears to refer to our present period, and the colonization of Corsica seems to have been prevented by this very treaty.

23.  II.  VII.  Submission of Lower Italy

24.  The clause, by which a dependent people binds itself “to uphold in a friendly manner the sovereignty of that of Rome” (-maiestatem populi Romani comiter conservare-), is certainly the technical appellation of that mildest form of subjection, but it probably did not come into use till a considerably later period (Cic. pro Balbo, 16, 35).  The appellation of clientship derived from private law, aptly as in its very indefiniteness it denotes the relation (Dig. xlix. 15, 7, i), was scarcely applied to it officially in earlier times.

25.  II.  IV.  South Etruria Roman

26.  II.  Vi.  Consolidation of the Roman Rule in Central Italy

27.  II.  Vi.  Last Struggles of Samnium

28.  II.  V. Complete Submission of the Volscian and Campanian Provinces

29.  II.  V. Complete Submission of the Volscian and Campanian Provinces

30.  That Tusculum as it was the first to obtain passive burgess-rights (ii.  V. Crises within the Romano-Latin League) was also the first to exchange these for the rights of full burgesses, is probable in itself and presumably it is in the latter and not in the former respect that the town is named by Cicero (pro Mur. 8, 19) -municipium antiquissimum-.

31.  II.  V. Complete Submission of the Volscian and Campanian Provinces

32.  II.  IV.  South Etruria Roman

33. -V.  Cervio A. f. cosol dedicavit- and -lunonei Quiritri sacra.  C. Falcilius L. f. consol dedicavit-.

34.  According to the testimony of Cicero (pro Caec. 35) Sulla gave to the Volaterrans the former -ius- of Ariminum, that is—­adds the orator—­the -ius- of the “twelve colonies” which had not the Roman -civitas- but had full -commercium- with the Romans.  Few things have been so much discussed as the question to what places this -ius- of the twelve towns refers; and yet the answer is not far to seek.  There were in Italy and Cisalpine Gaul—­laying aside some places that soon disappeared again—­thirty-four Latin colonies established in all.  The twelve most recent of these—­Ariminum, Beneventum, Firmum, Aesernia, Brundisium, Spoletium, Cremona, Placentia, Copia, Valentia, Bononia, and Aquileia—­are those here referred