of these conflicts between the orders. Of a
similar stamp was the surprise of the Capitol by a
band of political refugees, led by a Sabine chief,
Appius Herdonius, in the year 294; they summoned the
slaves to arms, and it was only after a violent conflict,
and by the aid of the Tusculans who hastened to render
help, that the Roman burgess-force overcame the Catilinarian
band. The same character of fanatical exasperation
marks other events of this epoch, the historical significance
of which can no longer be apprehended in the lying
family narratives; such as the predominance of the
Fabian clan which furnished one of the two consuls
from 269 to 275, and the reaction against it, the
emigration of the Fabii from Rome, and their annihilation
by the Etruscans on the Cremera (277). Still
more odious was the murder of the tribune of the people,
Gnaeus Genucius, who had ventured to call two consulars
to account, and who on the morning of the day fixed
for the impeachment was found dead in bed (281).
The immediate effect of this misdeed was the Publilian
law (283), one of the most momentous in its consequences
with which Roman history has to deal. Two of
the most important arrangements—the introduction
of the plebeian assembly of tribes, and the placing
of the -plebiscitum- on a level, although conditionally,
with the formal law sanctioned by the whole community—are
to be referred, the former certainly, the latter probably,
to the proposal of Volero Publilius the tribune of
the people in 283. The plebs had hitherto adopted
its resolutions by curies; accordingly in these its
separate assemblies, on the one hand, the voting had
been by mere number without distinction of wealth or
of freehold property, and, on the other hand, in consequence
of that standing side by side on the part of the clansmen,
which was implied in the very nature of the curial
assembly, the clients of the great patrician families
had voted with one another in the assembly of the
plebeians. These two circumstances had given
to the nobility various opportunities of exercising
influence on that assembly, and especially of managing
the election of tribunes according to their views;
and both were henceforth done away by means of the
new method of voting according to tribes. Of
these, four had been formed under the Servian constitution
for the purposes of the levy, embracing town and country
alike;(8) subsequently-perhaps in the year 259—the
Roman territory had been divided into twenty districts,
of which the first four embraced the city and its
immediate environs, while the other sixteen were formed
out of the rural territory on the basis of the clan-cantons
of the earliest Roman domain.(9) To these was added—probably
only in consequence of the Publilian law, and with
a view to bring about the inequality, which was desirable
for voting purposes, in the total number of the divisions—as
a twenty-first tribe the Crustuminian, which derived
its name from the place where the plebs had constituted