48.  IV.  IX.  Fresh Difficulties with Mithradates

49.  V. V. Resumption of the Conspiracy

50.  V. X. Reorganization of the Coalition In Africa

51.  IV.  IV.  Reorganization of Numidia

52.  The inscriptions of the region referred to preserve numerous traces of this colonization.  The name of the Sittii is there unusually frequent; the African township Milev bears as Roman the name -colonia Sarnensis-(C.  I. L. viii. p. 1094) evidently from the Nucerian river-god Sarnus (Sueton.  Rhet. 4).

Notes for Chapter XI

1.  V. X. Insurrection in Alexandria

2.  The affair with Laberius, told in the well-known prologue, has been quoted as an instance of Caesar’s tyrannical caprices, but those who have done so have thoroughly misunderstood the irony of the situation as well as of the poet; to say nothing of the -naivete- of lamenting as a martyr the poet who readily pockets his honorarium.

3.  The triumph after the battle of Munda subsequently to be mentioned probably had reference only to the Lusitanians who served in great numbers in the conquered army.

4.  Any one who desires to compare the old and new hardships of authors will find opportunity of doing so in the letter of Caecina (Cicero, Aa.  Fam. vi. 7).

5.  V. Vi.  Second Coalition of Pompeius, Crassus, and Caesar

6.  When this was written—­in the year 1857—­no one could foresee how soon the mightiest struggle and most glorious victory as yet recorded in human annals would save the United States from this fearful trial, and secure the future existence of an absolute self-governing freedom not to be permanently kept in check by any local Caesarism.

7.  V. IX.  Preparation for Attacks on Caesar

8.  On the 26th January 710 Caesar is still called dictator IIII (triumphal table); on the 18th February of this year he was already -dictator perpetuus- (Cicero, Philip, ii. 34, 87).  Comp.  Staatsrecht, ii. 3 716.

9.  IV.  X. Executions

10.  The formulation of that dictatorship appears to have expressly brought into prominence among other things the “improvement of morals”; but Caesar did not hold on his own part an office of this sort (Staatsrecht, ii. 3 705).

11.  Caesar bears the designation of -imperator- always without any number indicative of iteration, and always in the first place after his name (Staatsrecht, ii. 3 767, note 1).

12.  V. V. Rehabilitation of Saturninus and Marius

13.  During the republican period the name Imperator, which denotes the victorious general, was laid aside with the end of the campaign; as a permanent title it first appears in the case of Caesar.

14.  That in Caesar’s lifetime the -imperium- as well as the supreme pontificate was rendered by a formal legislative act hereditary for his agnate descendants—­of his own body or through the medium of adoption—­was asserted by Caesar the Younger as his legal title to rule.  As our traditional accounts stand, the existence of such a law or resolution of the senate must be decidedly called in question; but doubtless it remains possible that Caesar intended the issue of such a decree. (Comp, Staatsrecht, ii. 3 787, 1106.)