virtue of his office levied troops and other support
from them; but he was a governor who, instead of exercising
the usual despotic sway, endeavoured to attach the
provincials to Rome and to himself personally.
His chivalrous character rendered it easy for him
to enter into Spanish habits, and excited in the Spanish
nobility the most ardent enthusiasm for the wonderful
foreigner who had a spirit so kindred with their own.
According to the warlike custom of personal following
which subsisted in Spain as among the Celts and the
Germans, thousands of the noblest Spaniards swore
to stand faithfully by their Roman general unto death;
and in them Sertorius found more trustworthy comrades
than in his countrymen and party-associates.
He did not disdain to turn to account the superstition
of the ruder Spanish tribes, and to have his plans
of war brought to him as commands of Diana by the
white fawn of the goddess. Throughout he exercised
a just and gentle rule. His troops, at least
so far as his eye and his arm reached, had to maintain
the strictest discipline. Gentle as he generally
was in punishing, he showed himself inexorable when
any outrage was perpetrated by his soldiers on friendly
soil. Nor was he inattentive to the permanent
alleviation of the condition of the provincials; he
reduced the tribute, and directed the soldiers to
construct winter barracks for themselves, so that the
oppressive burden of quartering the troops was done
away and thus a source of unspeakable mischief and
annoyance was stopped. For the children of Spaniards
of quality an academy was erected at Osca (Huesca),
in which they received the higher instruction usual
in Rome, learning to speak Latin and Greek, and to
wear the toga—a remarkable measure, which
was by no means designed merely to take from the allies
in as gentle a form as possible the hostages that in
Spain were inevitable, but was above all an emanation
from, and an advance onthe great project of Gaius
Gracchus and the democratic party for gradually Romanizing
the provinces. It was the first attempt to accomplish
their Romanization not by extirpating the old inhabitants
and filling their places with Italian emigrants, but
by Romanizing the provincials themselves. The
Optimates in Rome sneered at the wretched emigrant,
the runaway from the Italian army, the last of the
robber-band of Carbo; the sorry taunt recoiled upon
its authors. The masses that had been brought
into the field against Sertorius were reckoned, including
the Spanish general levy, at 120,000 infantry, 2000
archers and slingers, and 6000 cavalry. Against
this enormous superiority of force Sertorius had not
only held his ground in a series of successful conflicts
and victories, but had also reduced the greater part
of Spain under his power. In the Further province
Metellus found himself confined to the districts immediately
occupied by his troops; hereall the tribes, who could,
had taken the side of Sertorius. In the Hither
province, after the victories of Hirtuleius, there