40.  II.  VII.  Subject Communities

41.  IV.  X. Cisapline Gaul Erected into A Province

42.  IV.  VII.  Preparations for General Revolt against Rome

43.  III.  XI.  Roman Franchise More Difficult of Acquisition

44.  IV.  IX.  Government of Cinna

45.  IV.  VII.  Decay of Military Discipline

46.  IV.  VII.  Economic Crisis

47.  IV.  VII.  Strabo

48.  IV.  VIII.  Flaccus Arrives in Asia

49.  IV.  IX.  Death of Cinna

50.  IV.  IX.  Nola

51.  IV.  IX.  Fresh Difficulties with Mithradates

52.  Euripides, Medea, 807:—­ —­Meideis me phaulein kasthenei nomizeto Meid eisuchaian, alla thateron tropou Bareian echthrois kai philoisin eumenei—.

53.  IV.  IX.  Fresh Difficulties with Mithradates

54.  IV.  IX.  Fresh Difficulties with Mithradates, iv.  X. Re-establishment of Constitutional Order

55.  Not -pthiriasis-, as another account states; for the simple reason that such a disease is entirely imaginary.

Chapter XI

1.  IV.  V. Transalpine Relations of Rome, iv.  V. The Romans Cross the Eastern Alps

2.  IV.  I. The Callaeci Conquered

3.  IV.  V. And Reach the Danube

4. -Exterae nationes in arbitratu dicione potestate amicitiave populi Romani- (lex repet. v. i), the official designation of the non-Italian subjects and clients as contrasted with the Italian “allies and kinsmen” (-socii nominisve Latini-).

5.  III.  XI.  As to the Management of the Finances

6.  III.  XII.  Mercantile Spirit

7.  IV.  III.  Jury Courts, iv.  III.  Character of the Constitution of Gaius Gracchus

8.  This tax-tenth, which the state levied from private landed property, is to be clearly distinguished from the proprietor’s tenth, which it imposed on the domain-land.  The former was let in Sicily, and was fixed once for all; the latter—­especially that of the territory of Leontini—­was let by the censors in Rome, and the proportion of produce payable and other conditions were regulated at their discretion (Cic.  Verr. iii. 6, 13; v. 21, 53; de leg. agr. i. 2, 4; ii. 18, 48).  Comp, my Staatsrecht, iii. 730.

9.  The mode of proceeding was apparently as follows.  The Roman government fixed in the first instance the kind and the amount of the tax.  Thus in Asia, for instance, according to the arrangement of Sulla and Caesar the tenth sheaf was levied (Appian.  B. C. v. 4); thus the Jews by Caesar’s edict contributed every second year a fourth of the seed (Joseph, iv. 10, 6; comp. ii. 5); thus in Cilicia and Syria subsequently there was paid 5 per cent from estate (Appian.  Syr. 50), and in Africa also an apparently similar tax was paid—­in which case, we may add, the estate seems to have been valued