8.  I. III.  The Latin League

9.  I. III.  The Latin League

10.  Both names, although afterwards employed as local names (-capitolium- being applied to the summit of the stronghold-hill that lay next to the river, -arx- to that next to the Quirinal), were originally appellatives, corresponding exactly to the Greek —­akra—­ and —­koruphei—­ every Latin town had its -capitolium-as well as Rome.  The local name of the Roman stronghold-hill was -mons Tarpeius-.

11.  The enactment -ne quis patricius in arce aut capitolio habitaret-probably prohibited only the conversion of the ground into private property, not the construction of dwelling-houses.  Comp.  Becker, Top. p. 386.

12.  For the chief thoroughfare, the -Via Sacra-, led from that quarter to the stronghold; and the bending in towards the gate may still be clearly recognized in the turn which this makes to the left at the arch of Severus.  The gate itself must have disappeared under the huge structures which were raised in after ages on the Clivus.  The so-called gate at the steepest part of the Capitoline Mount, which is known by the name of Janualis or Saturnia, or the “open,” and which had to stand always open in times of war, evidently had merely a religious significance, and never was a real gate.

13.  Four such guilds are mentioned (1) the -Capitolini- (Cicero, ad Q. fr. ii. 5, 2), with -magistri- of their own (Henzen, 6010, 6011), and annual games (Liv. v. 50; comp.  Corp.  Inscr.  Lat. i. n. 805); (2) the -Mercuriales- (Liv. ii. 27; Cicero, l. c.; Preller, Myth. p. 597) likewise with -magistri- (Henzen, 6010), the guild from the valley of the Circus, where the temple of Mercury stood; (3) the -pagani Aventinenses- likewise with -magistri- (Henzen, 6010); and (4) the -pagani pagi Ianiculensis- likewise with -magistri-(C.  I. L. i. n. 801, 802).  It is certainly not accidental that these four guilds, the only ones of the sort that occur in Rome, belong to the very two hills excluded from the four local tribes but enclosed by the Servian wall, the Capitol and the Aventine, and the Janiculum belonging to the same fortification; and connected with this is the further fact that the expression -montani paganive-is employed as a designation of the whole inhabitants in connection with the city (comp. besides the well-known passage, Cic. de Domo, 28, 74, especially the law as to the city aqueducts in Festus, v. sifus, p. 340; [-mon]tani paganive si[fis aquam dividunto-]).  The -montani-, properly the inhabitants of the three regions of the Palatine town (iv.  The Hill-Romans On the Quirinal), appear to be here put -a potiori- for the whole population of the four regions of the city proper.  The -pagani- are, undoubtedly, the residents of the Aventine and Janiculum not included in the tribes, and the analogous -collegia- of the Capitol and the Circus valley.