We may add that it was known even before Caesar that the solar year of 365 days 6 hours, which was the basis of the Egyptian calendar, and which he made the basis of his, was somewhat too long. the most exact calculation of the tropical year which the ancient world was acquainted with, that of Hipparchus, put it at 365 d. 5 h. 52’ 12”; the true length is 365 d. 5 h. 48’ 48”.

119.  Caesar stayed in Rome in April and Dec. 705, on each occasion for a few days; from Sept. to Dec. 707; some four months in the autumn of the year of fifteen months 708, and from Oct. 709 to March 710.

Notes for Chapter XII

1.  V. VIII.  Clodius

2.  III.  XIV.  Cato’s Encyclopedia

3.  These form, as is well known, the so-called seven liberal arts, which, with this distinction between the three branches of discipline earlier naturalized in Italy and the four subsequently received, maintained their position throughout the middle ages.

4.  IV.  XII.  Latin Instruction

5.  Thus Varro (De R. R. i. 2) says:  -ab aeditimo, ut dicere didicimus a patribus nostris; ut corrigimur ab recenlibus urbanis, ab aedituo-.

6.  The dedication of the poetical description of the earth which passes under the name of Scymnus is remarkable in reference to those relations.  After the poet has declared his purpose of preparing in the favourite Menandrian measure a sketch of geography intelligible for scholars and easy to be learned by heart, he dedicates—­as Apollodorus dedicated his similar historical compendium to Attalus Philadelphus king of Pergamus

   —­athanaton aponemonta dexan Attalo
   teis pragmateias epigraphein eileiphoti—­ —­

his manual to Nicomedes iii king (663?-679) of Bithynia: 

—­ego d’ akouon, dioti ton non basileon monos basilikein chreistoteita prosphereis peiran epethumeis autos ep’ emautou labein kai paragenesthai kai ti basileus est’ idein, dio tei prothesei sumboulon exelexamein ... ton Apollena ton Didumei... ou dei schedon malista kai pepeismenos pros sein kata logon eika (koinein gar schedon tois philomathousin anadedeichas) estian—.

7.  IV.  XIII.  Historical Composition

8.  V. XII.  Greek Instruction

9.  Cicero testifies that the mime in his time had taken the place of the Atellana (Ad Fam. ix. 16); with this accords the fact, that the -mimi- and -mimae- first appear about the Sullan epoch (Ad Her. i. 14, 24; ii. 13, 19; Atta Fr. 1 Ribbeck; Plin.  H. N. vii. 43, 158; Plutarch, Sull. 2, 36).  The designation -mimus-, however, is sometimes inaccurately applied to the comedian generally.  Thus the -mimus- who appeared at the festival of Apollo in 542-543 (Festus under -salva res est-; comp.  Cicero, De Orat. ii. 59, 242) was evidently nothing but an actor of the -palliata-, for there was at this period no room in the development of the Roman theatre for real mimes in the later sense.