According to the older constitutional law there were, with the exception of the not numerous communities that were declared to have forfeited their treaties in consequence of the Hannibalic war (p. 24), no Italian -dediticii-; in the Plautian law of 664-5 the description:  -qui foederatis civitatibus adscripti fuerunt- (Cic. pro Arch. 4, 7) still included in substance all Italians.  But as the -dediticii-who received the franchise supplementary in 667 cannot reasonably be understood as embracing merely the Bruttii and Picentes, we may assume that all the insurgents, so far as they had laid down their arms and had not acquired the franchise under the Plautio-Papirian law were treated as -dediticii-, or—­which is the same thing—­ that their treaties cancelled as a matter of course by the insurrection (hence -qui foederati fuerunt- in the passage of Cicero cited) were not legally renewed to them on their surrender.

21.  II.  III.  Laws Imposing Taxes

22.  IV.  VI.  The Equestrian Party

23.  II.  XI.  Squandering of the Spoil

24.  It is not clear, what the -lex unciaria- of the consuls Sulla and Rufus in the year 666 prescribed in this respect; but the simplest hypothesis is that which regards it as a renewal of the law of 397 (i. 364), so that the highest allowable rate of interest was again 1 1/12th of the capital for the year of ten months or 10 per cent for the year of twelve months.

25.  III.  XI.  Reform of the Centuries

26.  II.  III.  Powers of the Senate

27.  IV.  II.  Death of Gracchus, iv.  III.  Attack on The Transmarine Colonization.  Downfall of Gracchus, iv.  VI.  Saturninus Assailed

28.  II.  III.  The Tribunate of the People As an Instrument of Government

Chapter VIII

1.  IV.  VIII.  Occupation of Cilicia

2.  III.  IX.  Armenia

3.  IV.  I. Western Asia

4.  The words quoted as Phrygian —­Bagaios—­ = Zeus and the old royal name —­Manis—­ have been beyond doubt correctly referred to the Zend -bagha- = God and the Germanic -Mannus-, Indian -Manus-(Lassen, -Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenland-.  Gesellschaft, vol. x. p. 329 f.).

5.  They are here grouped together, because, though they were in part doubtless not executed till between the first and the second war with Rome, they to some extent preceded even the first (Memn. 30; Justin, xxxviii. 7 ap. fin.; App.  Mithr. 13; Eutrop. v. 5) and a narrative in chronological order is in this case absolutely impracticable.  Even the recently found decree of Chersonesus (p. 17) has given no information in this respect According to it Diophantus was twice sent against the Taurian Scythians; but that the second insurrection of these is connected with the decree of the Roman senate in favour of the Scythian princes (p. 21) is not clear from the document, and is not even probable.