26.  III.  XI.  Reform of the Centuries

27.  III.  VII.  Gracchus

28.  IV.  I. War against Aristonicus

29.  IV.  I. Mancinus

30.  II.  III.  Licinio-Sextian Laws

31.  II.  III.  Its Influence in Legislation

32.  IV.  I. War against Aristonicus

33.  II.  III.  Attempts at Counter-Revolution

34.  This fact, hitherto only partially known from Cicero (De L. Agr. ii. 31. 82; comp.  Liv. xlii. 2, 19), is now more fully established by the fragments of Licinianus, p. 4.  The two accounts are to be combined to this effect, that Lentulus ejected the possessors in consideration of a compensatory sum fixed by him, but accomplished nothing with real landowners, as he was not entitled to dispossess them and they would not consent to sell.

35.  II.  II.  Agrarian Law of Spurius Cassius

36.  III.  XI.  Rise of A City Rabble

37.  III.  IX.  Nullity of the Comitia

Chapter III

1.  IV.  I. War against Aristonicus

2.  IV.  II.  Ideas of Reform

3.  III.  VI.  The African Expedition of Scipio

4.  To this occasion belongs his oration -contra legem iudiciariam-Ti.  Gracchi—­which we are to understand as referring not, as has been asserted, to a law as to the -indicia publica-, but to the supplementary law annexed to his agrarian rogation:  -ut triumviri iudicarent-, qua publicus ager, qua privatus esset (Liv.  Ep. lviii.; see iv.  II.  Tribunate of Gracchus above).

5.  IV.  II.  Vote by Ballot

6.  The restriction, that the continuance should only be allowable if there was a want of other qualified candidates (Appian, B. C. i. 21), was not difficult of evasion.  The law itself seems not to have belonged to the older regulations (Staatsrecht, i. 473), but to have been introduced for the first time by the Gracchans.

7.  Such are the words spoken on the announcement of his projects of law:—­“If I were to speak to you and ask of you—­seeing that I am of noble descent and have lost my brother on your account, and that there is now no survivor of the descendants of Publius Africanus and Tiberius Gracchus excepting only myself and a boy—­to allow me to take rest for the present, in order that our stock may not be extirpated and that an offset of this family may still survive; you would perhaps readily grant me such a request.”

8.  IV.  III.  Democratic Agitation under Carbo and Flaccus

9.  III.  XII.  Results.  Competition of Transmarine Corn

10.  III.  XII.  Prices of Italian Corn

11.  III.  XI.  Reform of the Centuries

12.  IV.  III.  The Commission for Distributing the Domains

13.  III.  VII.  The Romans Maintain A Standing Army in Spain