which, while applying to the men of the north generally, are especially applicable to the Germans.  On the other hand it is conceivable enough that such a horde, after having been engaged in wandering perhaps for many years and having in its movements near to or within the land of the Celts doubtless welcomed every brother-in-arms who joined it, would include a certain amount of Celtic elements; so that it is not surprising that men of Celtic name should be at the head of the Cimbri, or that the Romans should employ spies speaking the Celtic tongue to gain information among them.  It was a marvellous movement, the like of which the Romans had not yet seen; not a predatory expedition of men equipped for the purpose, nor a “-ver sacrum-” of young men migrating to a foreign land, but a migratory people that had set out with their women and children, with their goods and chattels, to seek a new home.  The waggon, which had everywhere among the still not fully settled peoples of the north a different importance from what it had among the Hellenes and the Italians, and which universally accompanied the Celts also in their encampments, was among the Cimbri as it were their house, where, beneath the leather covering stretched over it, a place was found for the wife and children and even for the house-dog as well as for the furniture.  The men of the south beheld with astonishment those tall lank figures with the fair locks and bright blue eyes, the hardy and stately women who were little inferior in size and strength to the men, and the children with old men’s hair, as the amazed Italians called the flaxen-haired youths of the north.  Their system of warfare was substantially that of the Celts of this period, who no longer fought, as the Italian Celts had formerly done, bareheaded and with merely sword and dagger, but with copper helmets often richly adorned and with a peculiar missile weapon, the -materis-; the large sword was retained and the long narrow shield, along with which they probably wore also a coat of mail.  They were not destitute of cavalry; but the Romans were superior to them in that arm.  Their order of battle was as formerly a rude phalanx professedly drawn up with just as many ranks in depth as in breadth, the first rank of which in dangerous combats not unfrequently tied together their metallic girdles with cords.  Their manners were rude.  Flesh was frequently devoured raw.  The bravest and, if possible, the tallest man was king of the host.  Not unfrequently, after the manner of the Celts and of barbarians generally, the time and place of the combat were previously arranged with the enemy, and sometimes also, before the battle began, an individual opponent was challenged to single combat.  The conflict was ushered in by their insulting the enemy with unseemly gestures, and by a horrible noise—­the men raising their battle-shout, and the women and children increasing the din by drumming on the leathern covers of the waggons.  The Cimbrian fought bravely—­death