a large scale by Marcus Marcellus after the capture of Syracuse (542).  The practice met with severe reprobation from men of the old school of training, and the stern veteran Quintus Fabius Maximus, for instance, on the capture of Tarentum (545) gave orders that the statues in the temples should not be touched, but that the Tarentines should be allowed to retain their indignant gods.  Yet the plundering of temples in this way became of more and more frequent occurrence.  Titus Flamininus in particular (560) and Marcus Fulvius Nobilior (567), two leading champions of Roman Hellenism, as well as Lucius Paullus (587), were the means of filling the public buildings of Rome with the masterpieces of the Greek chisel.  Here too the Romans had a dawning consciousness of the truth that an interest in art as well as an interest in poetry formed an essential part of Hellenic culture or, in other words, of modern civilization; but, while the appropriation of Greek poetry was impossible without some sort of poetical activity, in the case of art the mere beholding and procuring of its productions seemed to suffice, and therefore, while a native literature was formed in an artificial way in Rome, no attempt even was made to develop a native art.

Notes for Chapter xiv

1.  A distinct set of Greek expressions, such as -stratioticus-, -machaera-, -nauclerus-, -trapezita-, -danista-, -drapeta-, — oenopolium-, -bolus-, -malacus-, -morus-, -graphicus-, -logus-, - apologus-, -techna-, -schema-, forms quite a special feature in the language of Plautus.  Translations are seldom attached, and that only in the case of words not embraced in the circle of ideas to which those which we have cited belong; for instance, in the -Truculentus-—­in a verse, however, that is perhaps a later addition (i. 1, 60) —­we find the explanation:  —­phronesis—­ -est sapientia-.  Fragments of Greek also are common, as in the -Casina-, (iii. 6, 9): 

—­Pragmata moi parecheis—­ —­ -Dabo- —­mega kakon—­, -ut opinor-.

Greek puns likewise occur, as in the -Bacchides- (240): 

-opus est chryso Chrysalo-.

Ennius in the same way takes for granted that the etymological meaning of Alexandros and Andromache is known to the spectators (Varro, de L. L. vii. 82).  Most characteristic of all are the half-Greek formations, such as -ferritribax-, -plagipatida-, -pugilice-, or in the -Miles Gloriosus- (213): 

-Fuge! euscheme hercle astitit sic dulice et comoedice!-

2.  III.  VIII.  Greece Free

3.  One of these epigrams composed in the name of Flamininus runs thus: 

—­Zenos io kraipnaisi gegathotes ipposunaisi
Kouroi, io Spartas Tundaridai basileis,
Aineadas Titos ummin upertatos opase doron
Ellenon teuxas paisin eleutherian.—­

4.  Such, e. g, was Chilo, the slave of Cato the Elder, who earned money en bis master’s behalf as a teacher of children (Plutarch, Cato Mai. 20).