certain that the hoplite shield or, in other words, the tactics of the Doric phalanx were imitated not from the Etruscans, but directly from the Hellenes, As to the -scutum-, that large, cylindrical, convex leather shield must certainly have taken the place of the flat copper -clupeus-, when the phalanx was broken up into maniples; but the undoubted derivation of the word from the Greek casts suspicion on the derivation of the thing itself from the Samnites.  From the Greeks the Romans derived also the sling (-funda- from —­sphendone—­). (like -fides- from —­sphion—­),(I.  XV.  Earliest Hellenic Influences).  The pilum was considered by the ancients as quite a Roman invention.

24.  I. XIII.  Landed Proprietors

25.  II.  III.  Combination of the Plebian Aristocracy and the Farmers against the Nobility

26.  Varro (De R. R. i. 2, 9) evidently conceives the author of the Licinian agrarian law as fanning in person his extensive lands; although, we may add, the story may easily have been invented to explain the cognomen (-Stolo-).

27.  I. XIII.  System of Joint Cultivation

28.  I. XIII.  Inland Commerce of the Italians

29.  I. XIII.  Commerce in Latium Passive, in Etruria Active

30.  I. XIII.  Etrusco-Attic, and Latino-Sicilian Commerce

31.  I. XIII.  Etrusco-Attic, and Latino-Sicilian Commerce

32.  II.  IV.  Etruria at Peace and on the Decline, ii.  V. Campanian Hellenism

33.  The conjecture that Novius Flautius, the artist who worked at this casket for Dindia Macolnia, in Rome, may have been a Campanian, is refuted by the old Praenestine tomb-stones recently discovered, on which, among other Macolnii and Plautii, there occurs also a Lucius Magulnius, son of Haulms (L.  Magolnio Pla. f.).

34.  I. XIII.  Etrusco-Attic, and Latino-Sicilian Commerce, ii.  II.  Rising Power of the Capitalists

35.  II.  III.  The Burgess Body

36.  II.  III.  The Burgess Body

37.  II.  III.  Laws Imposing Taxes

38.  II.  III.  The Burgess Body

39.  II.  VII.  Construction of New Fortresses and Roads

40.  We have already mentioned the censorial stigma attached to Publius Cornelius Rufinus (consul 464, 477) for his silver plate.(II.  VIII.  Police) The strange statement of Fabius (in Strabo, v. p. 228) that the Romans first became given to luxury (—­aisthesthae tou plouton—­) after the conquest of the Sabines, is evidently only a historical version of the same matter; for the conquest of the Sabines falls in the first consulate of Rufinus.

41.  II.  V. Colonizations in the Land of the Volsci

42.  II.  VI.  Last Campaigns in Samnium

43.  II.  VIII.  Inland Intercourse in Italy

44.  I. III.  Localities of the Oldest Cantons

45.  I. II.  Iapygians

46.  II.  V. Campanian Hellenism