3. -Consules- are those who “leap or dance together,” as -praesul- is one who “leaps before,” -exsul-, one who “leaps out” (—­o ekpeson—­), -insula-, a “leap into,” primarily applied to a mass of rock fallen into the sea.

4.  The day of entering on office did not coincide with the beginning of the year (1st March), and was not at all fixed.  The day of retiring was regulated by it, except when a consul was elected expressly in room of one who had dropped out (-consul suffectus-); in which case the substitute succeeded to the rights and consequently to the term of him whom he replaced.  But these supplementary consuls in the earlier period only occurred when merely one of the consuls had dropped out:  pairs of supplementary consuls are not found until the later ages of the republic.  Ordinarily, therefore, the official year of a consul consisted of unequal portions of two civil years.

5.  I. V. The King

6.  I. XI.  Crimes

7.  I. V. Prerogatives of the Senate

8.  I. V. The King

9.  I. V. The King

10.  I. VI.  Dependents and Guests

11.  I. VI.  Political Effects of the Servian Military Organization

12.  I. V. The Senate as State Council

13.  I. V. Prerogatives of the Senate

14.  That the first consuls admitted to the senate 164 plebeians, is hardly to be regarded as a historical fact, but rather as a proof that the later Roman archaeologists were unable to point out more than 136 -gentes- of the Roman nobility (Rom, Forsch. i. 121).

15.  It may not be superfluous to remark, that the -iudicium legitimum-, as well as that -quod imperio continetur-, rested on the imperium of the directing magistrate, and the distinction only consisted in the circumstance that the -imperium- was in the former case limited by the -lex-, while in the latter it was free.

16.  II.  I. Restrictions on the Delegation of Powers

CHAPTER II

The Tribunate of the Plebs and the Decemvirate

Material Interests

Under the new organization of the commonwealth the old burgesses had attained by legal means to the full possession of political power.  Governing through the magistracy which had been reduced to be their servant, preponderating in the Senate, in sole possession of all public offices and priesthoods, armed with exclusive cognizance of things human and divine and familiar with the whole routine of political procedure, influential in the public assembly through the large number of pliant adherents attached to the several families, and, lastly, entitled to examine and to reject every decree of the community,—­the patricians might have long preserved their practical power, just because they had at the right time abandoned their claim to sole legal authority.  It is true