of having not three, as was perhaps originally the
case, but six leaders-of-division to command the legion.
It is certain that no corresponding increase of seats
in the senate took place: on the contrary, the
primitive number of three hundred senators remained
the normal number down to the seventh century; with
which it is quite compatible that a number of the more
prominent men of the newly annexed community may have
been received into the senate of the Palatine city.
The same course was followed with the magistracies:
a single king presided over the united community,
and there was no change as to his principal deputies,
particularly the warden of the city. It thus
appears that the ritual institutions of the Hill-city
were continued, and that the doubled burgess-body
was required to furnish a military force of double
the numerical strength; but in other respects the
incorporation of the Quirinal city into the Palatine
was really a subordination of the former to the latter.
If we have rightly assumed that the contrast between
the Palatine old and the Quirinal new burgesses was
identical with the contrast between the first and
second Tities, Ramnes, and Luceres, it was thus the
-gentes-of the Quirinal city that formed the “second”
or the “lesser.” The distinction,
however, was certainly more an honorary than a legal
precedence. At the taking of the vote in the
senate the senators taken from the old clans were
asked before those of the “lesser.”
In like manner the Colline region ranked as inferior
even to the suburban (Esquiline) region of the Palatine
city; the priest of the Quirinal Mars as inferior
to the priest of the Palatine Mars; the Quirinal Salii
and Luperci as inferior to those of the Palatine.
It thus appears that the —synoikismos—,
by which the Palatine community incorporated that
of the Quirinal, marked an intermediate stage between
the earliest —synoikismos— by
which the Tities, Ramnes, and Luceres became blended,
and all those that took place afterwards. The
annexed community was no longer allowed to form a
separate tribe in the new whole, but it was permitted
to furnish at least a distinct portion of each tribe;
and its ritual institutions were not only allowed to
subsist—as was afterwards done in other
cases, after the capture of Alba for example—but
were elevated into institutions of the united community,
a course which was not pursued in any subsequent instance.
Dependents and Guests
This amalgamation of two substantially similar commonwealths produced rather an increase in the size than a change in the intrinsic character of the existing community. A second process of incorporation, which was carried out far more gradually and had far deeper effects, may be traced back, so far as the first steps in it are concerned, to this epoch; we refer to the amalgamation of the burgesses and the —metoeci—. At all times there existed side by side with the