[Footnote 1:  Clarendon, ii. 719-723.  Rushworth, vi. 80-95.  Journals, 671, 672.]

[Sidenote a:  A.D. 1645.  Oct. 29.] [Sidenote b:  A.D. 1645.  Nov. 3.] [Sidenote c:  A.D. 1645.  Nov. 5.]

condition the legal establishment of their religion.[1] The Catholics, they alleged, were the people of Ireland; they had now regained many of the churches, which, not a century before, had been taken from their fathers; and they could not in honour or conscience resign them to the professors of another religion.  Charles had indulged a hope that the lord lieutenant would devise some means of satisfying their demand without compromising the character of his sovereign;[2] but the scruples or caution of Ormond compelled him to look out for a minister of less timid and more accommodating disposition, and he soon found one in the Lord Herbert, a Catholic, and son to the marquess of Worcester.  Herbert felt the most devoted attachment to his sovereign.  He had lived with him for twenty years in habits of intimacy:  in conjunction with his father, he had spent above two hundred thousand pounds in support of the royal cause; and both had repeatedly and publicly avowed their determination to stand or fall with the throne.  To him, therefore, the king explained his difficulties, his views, and his wishes.  Low as he was sunk, he had yet a sufficient resource left in the two armies in Ireland.  With them he might make head against his enemies, and re-establish his authority.  But unfortunately this powerful and necessary aid was withheld from him by the obstinacy of the Irish Catholics, whose demands were such, that, to grant them publicly would be to forfeit the affection and support of all the Protestants in his dominions.  He knew but of one way to elude the difficulty,—­the employment of a secret and

[Footnote 1:  Rinuccini’s MS. Narrative.]

[Footnote 2:  See the correspondence in Carte’s Ormond, ii.  App. xv. xviii. xx. xxii.; iii. 372, 387, 401; Charles’s Works, 155.]

confidential minister, whose credit with the Catholics would give weight to his assurances, and whose loyalty would not refuse to incur danger or disgrace for the benefit of his sovereign.  Herbert cheerfully tendered his services.  It was agreed that he should negotiate with the confederates for the immediate aid of an army of ten thousand men; that, as the reward of their willingness to serve the king, he should make to them certain concessions on the point of religion; that these should be kept secret, as long as the disclosure might be likely to prejudice the royal interests; and that Charles, in the case of discovery, should be at liberty to disavow the proceedings of Herbert, till he might find himself in a situation to despise the complaints and the malice of his enemies.[1]