This was the last naval victory achieved under the auspices of the parliament, which, though it wielded the powers of government with an energy that surprised

[Footnote 1:  Heath, 335.  Whitelock, 551.  Leicester’s Journal, 138.  Le Clerc, i. 328.  Basnage, i. 298-301.  By the English admirals the loss of the Dutch was estimated at eleven men-of-war and thirty merchantmen.]

[Sidenote a:  A.D. 1653.  Feb. 18.] [Sidenote b:  A.D. 1653.  Feb. 19.] [Sidenote c:  A.D. 1653.  Feb. 20.]

the several nations of Europe, was doomed to bend before the superior genius or ascendancy of Cromwell.  When that adventurer first formed the design of seizing the supreme authority, is uncertain; it was not till after the victory at Worcester that he began gradually and cautiously to unfold his object.  He saw himself crowned with the laurels of conquest; he held the command in chief of a numerous and devoted army; and he dwelt with his family in a palace formerly the residence of the English monarchs.  His adversaries had long ago pronounced him, in all but name, “a king;” and his friends were accustomed to address him in language as adulatory as ever gratified the ears of the most absolute sovereign.[1] His importance was perpetually forced upon his notice by the praise of his dependants, by the foreign envoys who paid court to him, and by the royalists who craved his protection.  In such circumstances, it cannot be surprising if the victorious general indulged the aspirings of ambition; if the stern republican, however he might hate to see the crown on the brows of another, felt no repugnance to place it upon his own.

The grandees of the army felt that they no longer possessed the chief sway in the government.  War had called them away to their commands in Scotland and Ireland; and, during their absence, the conduct of affairs had devolved on those who, in contradistinction, were denominated the statesmen.  Thus, by the course

[Footnote 1:  The general officers conclude their despatches to him thus:  “We humbly lay ourselves with these thoughts, in this emergency, at your excellency’s feet.”—­Milton’s State Papers, 71.  The ministers of Newcastle make “their humble addresses to his godly wisdom,” and present “their humble suits to God and his excellency” (ibid. 82); and the petitioners from different countries solicit him to mediate for them to the parliament, “because God has not put the sword in his hand in vain.”—­Whitelock, 517.]

of events, the servants had grown into masters, and the power of the senate had obtained the superiority over the power of the sword.  Still the officers in their distant quarters jealously watched, and severely criticised the conduct of the men at Westminster.  With want of vigour in directing the military and naval resources of the country, they could not be charged; but it was complained that they neglected the internal economy of government; that no one of the objects demanded in the “agreement of the people” had been accomplished; and that, while others sacrificed their health and their lives in the service of the commonwealth, all the emoluments and patronage were monopolized by the idle drones who remained in the capital.[1]