[Footnote 1:  Journals, June 6.]

[Sidenote a:  A.D. 1643.  May 31] [Sidenote b:  A.D. 1643.  June 6]

raised by the king.”  The Lords, the citizens, the army followed their example; and an ordinance was published that every man in his parish church should make the same vow and covenant.[1][a] As for the prisoners, instead of being sent before a court of law, they were tried by a court-martial.[b] Six were condemned to die:  two suffered.[c] Waller saved his life by the most abject submission.  “He seemed much smitten in conscience:  he desired the help of godly ministers,” and by his entreaties induced the Commons to commute his punishment into a fine of ten thousand pounds and an order to travel on the continent.  To the question why the principal should be spared, when his assistants suffered, it was answered by some that a promise of life had been made to induce him to confess, by others that too much

[Footnote 1:  Journals, May 31; June 6, 14, 21, 27, 29.  Rushworth, v. 322-333.  Whitelock, 67, 70, 105.  The preamble began thus:  “Whereas there hath been and now is in this kingdom a popish and traitorous plot for the subversion of the true Protestant religion, and liberty of the subject, in pursuance whereof a popish army hath been raised and is now on foot in divers parts of the kingdom,” &c.—­Journals, June 6.  Lords’ Journals, vi. 87.  I am loath to charge the framers and supporters of this preamble with publishing a deliberate falsehood, for the purpose of exciting odium against the king; but I think it impossible to view their conduct in any other light.  The popish plot and popish army were fictions of their own to madden the passions of their adherents.  Charles, to refute the calumny, as he was about to receive the sacrament from the hands of Archbishop Ussher, suddenly rose and addressed him thus, in the hearing of the whole congregation:  “My Lord, I have to the utmost of my soul prepared to become a worthy receiver; and may I so receive comfort by the blessed sacrament, as I do intend the establishment of the true reformed Protestant religion, as it stood in its beauty in the happy days of Queen Elizabeth, without any connivance at popery.  I bless God that in the midst of these publick distractions I have still liberty to communicate; and may this sacrament be my damnation, if my heart do not joyn with my lipps in this protestation.”—­Rush. v. 346. Connivance was an ambiguous and therefore an ill-chosen word.  He was probably sincere in the sense which he attached to it, but certainly forsworn in the sense in which it would be taken by his opponents.]

[Sidenote a:  A.D. 1643.  June 27] [Sidenote b:  A.D. 1643.  June 30] [Sidenote c:  A.D. 1643.  July 5]

blood had already been shed in expiation of an imaginary plot.[1]