the duke, who had refused to abandon his English friends, swam across the Ribble.  Cromwell won the bridge, and the royalists fled in the night toward Wigan.  Of the Scottish forces, none but the regiments under Monroe and the stragglers who rejoined him returned to their native country.  Two-thirds of the infantry, in their eagerness to escape, fell into the hands of the neighbouring inhabitants; nor did Baillie, their general, when he surrendered at Warrington, number more than three thousand men under their colours.  The duke wandered as far as Uttoxeter with the cavalry; there his followers mutinied,[b] and he yielded himself a prisoner to General Lambert and the Lord Grey of Groby.  The Cavaliers disbanded[c] themselves in Derbyshire; their gallant leader, who travelled in

[Sidenote:  A.D. 1648.  Aug. 17.] [Sidenote:  A.D. 1648.  Aug. 20.] [Sidenote:  A.D. 1648.  Aug. 25.]

the disguise of a female, was discovered and taken in the vicinity of Nottingham:  but Lady Savile bribed his keeper:  dressed in a clergyman’s cassock he escaped to the capital; and remained there in safety with Dr. Barwick, being taken for an Irish minister driven from his cure by the Irish Catholics.[1]

On the very day on which the Scots began their march, a feeble attempt had been made to assist their advance by raising the city of London.  Its author was one who by his inconstancy had deservedly earned the contempt of every party,—­the earl of Holland.  He had during the contest passed from the king to the parliament, and from the parliament to the king.  His ungracious reception by the royalists induced him to return to their opponents, by whom he was at first treated with severity, afterwards with neglect.  Whether it were resentment or policy, he now professed himself a true penitent, offered to redeem his past errors by future services, and obtained from the prince of Wales a commission to raise forces.  As it had been concerted between him and Hamilton, on the 5th of July, he marched[a] at the head of five hundred

[Footnote 1:  Lords’ Journals, x. 455-458.  Rushworth, vii. 1227, 1242.  Barwicci Vita, 66.  The narrative in Burnet’s Memoirs of the Hamiltons (355-365) should be checked by that in Clarendon (iii. 150, 160).  The first was derived from Sir James Turner (Turner’s Memoirs, 63), who held a command in the Scottish army; the second from Sir Marmaduke Langdale.  According to Turner, Langdale was ignorant, or kept the Scots in ignorance, of the arrival of Cromwell and his army; according to Langdale, he repeatedly informed them of it, but they refused to give credit to the information.  Langdale’s statement is confirmed by Dachmont, who affirmed to Burnet, that “on fryday before Preston the duke read to Douchel and him a letter he had from Langdale, telling how the enemy had rendesvoused at Oatley and Oatley Park, wher Cromwell was,”—­See a letter from Burnet to Turner in App. to Turner’s Memoirs, 251.  Monroe also informed the duke, probably by Dachmont, of Cromwell’s arrival at Skipton.—­Ibid, 249.]