came Pittsburg, the immense manufacturing workshop, alike memorable for its moral power and its natural advantages, which made it a link with the great valley of the West, a cradle of a new world, which is linked in its turn to the old world by boundless agricultural interests.  And after the people of Pennsylvania have thus spoken, here now I stand in the temple of this people’s sovereignty, with joyful gratitude acknowledging the inestimable benefits of this public reception, where—­with the elected of Pennsylvania, entrusted with the Legislative and Executive power of the sovereign people, gather into one garland the public opinion, and with the authority of their high position, announce loudly to the world the principles, the resolution, and the will of the two millions of this great Commonwealth.  Sir, the words your Excellency has honoured me with will have their weight throughout the world.  The jeering smile of the despots, which accompanied my wandering, will be changed, at the report of these proceedings, to a frown which may yet cast fresh mourning over families, as it has cast over mine; nevertheless the afflicted will wait to be consoled by the dawn of public happiness.  From the words which your Excellency spoke, the nations will feel double resolution to shake off the yoke of despotism.

[Footnote:  Philadelphia (brotherly love) is evidently intended.  “Metropolis” strictly means mother city, not chief city.]

The proceedings of to-day will, moreover, have their weight in the development of public opinion in other States of your united Republic.  Governor!  I plead no dead cause, Europe is no corpse:  it has a future yet, because it wills.  Sir, from the window of your room, which your hospitality has opened to me, I saw suspended a musket and a powder horn, and this motto—­“Material Aid.”  And I believe that the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania is seated in that chair whence the Declaration of American Independence was signed.  The first is what Europe wants in order to have the success of the second.  Permit me to take this for a happy augury; and allow me with the plain words of an earnest mind, to give you the assurance of my country’s warm, everlasting gratitude, in which, upon the basis of our restored independence, a wide field will be opened to mutual benefit, by friendly commercial intercourse ennobled by the consciousness of imparted benefit on your side, and by the pleasant duty of gratitude on the side of Hungary, which so well deserves your generous sympathy.

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XXII.—­ON THE PRESENT WEAKNESS OF DESPOTISM. [Speech at the Harrisburg Banquet.]