.. 
  Croats } 783,334 1,833,162 {1,875,000
  Serbs } 1,106,471 {
  Slovenes 1,252,940 .. .. 
  Roumanians 275,422 2,949,032 .. 
  Italians 768,422 27,307 .. 
  Others .. 374,105 ..

(2) Religious—­
  Roman Catholic 22,530,000 10,888,138 451,686
  Uniate Catholic 3,417,000 2,025,508 .. 
  Orthodox 660,000 2,987,163 856,158
  Calvinist } 589,000 2,621,329 .. 
  Lutheran } 1,340,143 .. 
  Mohammedan .. .. 626,649
  Jewish 1,314,000 932,458 .. 
  Minor Sects 56,000 91,748 ..

Total population 28,324,940 20,886,487 1,898,044

Sec.4. The Genesis of the Southern Slavs.—­The foregoing survey of tendencies in Austria-Hungary is utterly incomplete and inadequate, but it may perhaps serve as a basis for further study.  Let us now consider her rival in the dispute which has led to the great war—­Serbia.

Here, at the outset, it cannot be emphasised too strongly that those who regard the problem merely as a dispute between the government of Vienna and the government of Belgrade have not grasped even its elements.  The Southern Slav question goes far deeper and wider than that; it must be treated as a whole, and of it Serbia is only a part.  In any study of the Slavonic races the first fact which emerges is that they fall naturally into two main groups—­the northern and the southern—­divided by a solid wedge of three non-Slavonic races, the German, the Magyar, and the Roumanian, stretching from the Kiel Canal to the Black Sea.  It is with the southern group that we are concerned.

The Southern Slavs fall into four sections—­the Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, and Bulgars, who between them occupy the whole country from southern Carinthia to central Thrace.  The significance of the Bulgars will be dealt with elsewhere, and of the Slovenes it will suffice for our present purpose to say that they are a small and ancient race, of vigorous stock and clerical leanings, whose true importance lies in their geographical position and its latent possibilities for the future.  The Croats and Serbs occupy the border-line between West and East, between Rome and Byzantium, between Catholicism and Orthodoxy.  Broadly speaking, every Croat is a Catholic, every Serb an Orthodox.  Broadly speaking again, the Croat language is Serb written with Latin characters, the Serb language Croat written in the Cyrilline alphabet.