[Footnote 2:  The Board of Trade receives monthly reports from employers and others in different industries.  These returns, though they do not cover the whole of the industries, are sufficiently reliable to indicate the widespread character of short time.  During August 1914, in slate quarries and china clay works, “there was a good deal of short time and some unemployment in consequence of the war”; in tin-plate and sheet-steel works, “short time was very general.  In some cases discharges were obviated by the sharing of work at the mills remaining open.  The decrease in employment is to be attributed to the effects of the war, and in particular to the general restriction of the European market”; some branches of the engineering trade, particularly agricultural and textile machinery, and the motor car and cycle trades, were “disorganised by the war; many discharges took place and a large amount of short time was worked.”  In the miscellaneous metal trades, except in the manufacture of articles required for military and naval purposes, “much short time was reported.”  In the cotton industry, “the trade as a whole was working less than three days a week, and large numbers of workpeople were entirely unemployed.”  In the woollen trade, “about 60 per cent of the workpeople covered by the returns received were on short time, including over 20 per cent who were working half-time or less.”  The returns showed a decrease of “21.5 per cent in the amount of wages paid compared with a month ago.”  In the worsted industry, “about 65 per cent of the workpeople covered by the returns were working short time during the month, including over 30 per cent who were working only half time or less.”  The returns showed a decrease “of 26.5 per cent in the amount of wages paid compared with a month ago.”  In the linen trade “short time was reported generally.”  In the hosiery industry, “short time was reported by firms employing over 40 per cent of the operatives covered by the returns.”  In the silk trade “a great deal of short time was worked in all the districts.”  In the levers and curtains branches of the lace industry “the majority of the operatives ... were only working half time, and large numbers were altogether unemployed.”  In the carpet trade “short time was general, most districts working only half the usual hours.”  In the furnishing trades “short time was worked in almost every district.”  “Short time was very generally reported” in printing.  In the glass trades “short time was reported in several districts.”  In the potteries “most of the firms” were running short time (see the Board of Trade Labour Gazette, Sept. 1914).]