This is the true athlete, the man who exercises himself against such appearances.  Stay, wretch, do not be carried away.  Great is the combat, divine is the work; it is for kingship, for freedom, for happiness, for freedom from perturbation.  Remember God; call on him as a helper and protector, as men at sea call on the Dioscuri in a storm.  For what is a greater storm than that which comes from appearances which are violent and drive away the reason?  For the storm itself, what else is it but an appearance?  For take away the fear of death, and suppose as many thunders and lightnings as you please, and you will know what calm and serenity there is in the ruling faculty.  But if you have once been defeated and say that you will conquer hereafter, and then say the same again, be assured that you will at last be in so wretched a condition and so weak that you will not even know afterwards that you are doing wrong, but you will even begin to make apologies (defences) for your wrong-doing, and then you will confirm the saying of Hesiod to be true,

  With constant ills the dilatory strives.

* * * * *

Of inconsistency.—­Some things men readily confess, and other things they do not.  No one then will confess that he is a fool or without understanding; but quite the contrary you will hear all men saying, I wish that I had fortune equal to my understanding.  But men readily confess that they are timid, and they say:  I am rather timid, I confess; but as to other respects you will not find me to be foolish.  A man will not readily confess that he is intemperate; and that he is unjust, he will not confess at all.  He will by no means confess that he is envious or a busybody.  Most men will confess that they are compassionate.  What then is the reason?

The chief thing (the ruling thing) is inconsistency and confusion in the things which relate to good and evil.  But different men have different reasons; and generally what they imagine to be base, they do not confess at all.  But they suppose timidity to be a characteristic of a good disposition, and compassion also; but silliness to be the absolute characteristic of a slave.  And they do not at all admit (confess) the things which are offences against society.  But in the case of most errors for this reason chiefly they are induced to confess them, because they imagine that there is something involuntary in them as in timidity and compassion; and if a man confess that he is in any respect intemperate, he alleges love (or passion) as an excuse for what is involuntary.  But men do not imagine injustice to be at all involuntary.  There is also in jealousy, as they suppose, something involuntary; and for this reason they confess to jealousy also.