is not money your master, or a girl or a boy, or some tyrant or some friend of the tyrant?  Why do you trouble then when you are going off to any trial (danger) of this kind?  It is for this reason that I often say, study and hold in readiness these principles by which you may determine what those things are with reference to which you ought to be cautious, courageous in that which does not depend on your will, cautious in that which does depend on it.

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Of tranquillity (freedom from perturbation).—­Consider, you who are going into court, what you wish to maintain and what you wish to succeed in.  For if you wish to maintain a will conformable to nature, you have every security, every facility, you have no troubles.  For if you wish to maintain what is in your own power and is naturally free, and if you are content with these, what else do you care for?  For who is the master of such things?  Who can take them away?  If you choose to be modest and faithful, who shall not allow you to be so?  If you choose not to be restrained or compelled, who shall compel you to desire what you think that you ought not to desire? who shall compel you to avoid what you do not think fit to avoid?  But what do you say?  The judge will determine against you something that appears formidable; but that you should also suffer in trying to avoid it, how can he do that?  When then the pursuit of objects and the avoiding of them are in your power, what else do you care for?  Let this be your preface, this your narrative, this your confirmation, this your victory, this your peroration, this your applause (or the approbation which you will receive).

Therefore Socrates said to one who was reminding him to prepare for his trial, Do you not think then that I have been preparing for it all my life?  By what kind of preparation?  I have maintained that which was in my own power.  How then?  I have never done anything unjust either in my private or in my public life.

But if you wish to maintain externals also, your poor body, your little property, and your little estimation, I advise you to make from this moment all possible preparation, and then consider both the nature of your judge and your adversary.  If it is necessary to embrace his knees, embrace his knees; if to weep, weep; if to groan, groan.  For when you have subjected to externals what is your own, then be a slave and do not resist, and do not sometimes choose to be a slave, and sometimes not choose, but with all your mind be one or the other, either free or a slave, either instructed or uninstructed, either a well-bred cock or a mean one, either endure to be beaten until you die or yield at once; and let it not happen to you to receive many stripes and then to yield.  But if these things are base, determine immediately.  Where is the nature of evil and good?  It is where truth is:  where truth is and where nature is, there is caution:  where truth is, there is courage where nature is.