There is no need to doubt the striking details of the death and burial of the Conqueror.  We shrink from giving the same trust to the long tale of penitence which is put into the mouth of the dying King.  He may, in that awful hour, have seen the wrong-doing of the last one-and-twenty years of his life; he hardly threw his repentance into the shape of a detailed autobiographical confession.  But the more authentic sayings and doings of William’s death-bed enable us to follow his course as an English statesman almost to his last moments.  His end was one of devotion, of prayers and almsgiving, and of opening of the prison to them that were bound.  All save one of his political prisoners, English and Norman, he willingly set free.  Morkere and his companions from Ely, Walfnoth son of Godwine, hostage for Harold’s faith, Wulf son of Harold and Ealdgyth, taken, we can hardly doubt, as a babe when Chester opened its gates to William, were all set free; some indeed were put in bonds again by the King’s successor.  But Ode William would not set free; he knew too well how many would suffer if he were again let loose upon the world.  But love of kindred was still strong; at last he yielded, sorely against his will, to the prayers and pledges of his other brother.  Ode went forth from his prison, again Bishop of Bayeux, soon again to be Earl of Kent, and soon to prove William’s foresight by his deeds.

William’s disposal of his dominions on his death-bed carries on his political history almost to his last breath.  Robert, the banished rebel, might seem to have forfeited all claims to the succession.  But the doctrine of hereditary right had strengthened during the sixty years of William’s life.  He is made to say that, though he foresees the wretchedness of any land over which Robert should be the ruler, still he cannot keep him out of the duchy of Normandy which is his birthright.  Of England he will not dare to dispose; he leaves the decision to God, seemingly to Archbishop Lanfranc as the vicar of God.  He will only say that his wish is for his son William to succeed him in his kingdom, and he prays Lanfranc to crown him king, if he deem such a course to be right.  Such a message was a virtual nomination, and William the Red succeeded his father in England, but kept his crown only by the help of loyal Englishmen against Norman rebels.  William Rufus, it must be remembered, still under the tutelage of his father and Lanfranc, had not yet shown his bad qualities; he was known as yet only as the dutiful son who fought for his father against the rebel Robert.  By ancient English law, that strong preference which was all that any man could claim of right belonged beyond doubt to the youngest of William’s sons, the English AEtheling Henry.  He alone was born in the land; he alone was the son of a crowned King and his Lady.  It is perhaps with a knowledge of what followed that William is made to bid his youngest son wait while his eldest go before him; that he left him landless,