the conquest of New England, for it was thought unwise to penetrate into the interior with the forces at command, against the army of Washington with a devoted population to furnish him provisions.  Howe could undoubtedly have held the New England capital, but it was not a great strategic point.  What was it to occupy a city at the extreme end of the continent, when the British government expected to hear that the whole country was overrun?  At last Washington felt strong enough to use his eight months’ preparations for a sudden blow.  He seized the heights commanding the city and his intention became evident.  The active movements of the Americans towards an attack precipitated Howe’s half-formed plan for evacuating the city, and in a single day he and his army sailed away, on March 17, 1776.

Washington made no effort to prevent the embarkation of the British troops, since it freed New England, not again to be the theatre of military operations during the war.  It was something to deliver the most populous part of the country from English domination and drive a superior army out of Massachusetts.  The wonder is that the disciplined troops under the British generals, with guns and ammunition and ships, should not have dispersed in a few weeks the foes they affected to despise.  But Washington had fought the long battle of patience and sagacity until he was ready to strike.  Then by one bold, sudden move he held the enemy at his mercy.  Howe was out-generalled, and the American remained master of the field.  Washington had accomplished his errand in New England.  He received the thanks of the Congress, and with his little army proceeded to New York, where matters urgently demanded attention.

To my mind the most encouraging part of the Revolutionary struggle, until the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga, was that period of eight months when the British were cooped up in Boston, surrounded by the Americans, who had plenty of provisions even if they were deficient in military stores; when the Yankees were stimulated to enthusiasm by every influence which could be brought to bear upon them by their families, at no great distance from the seat of war, and when no great calamity had as yet overtaken them.

But here everything like success for two years disappeared, and a gloomy cloud hung over the land, portentous of disasters and dismay.  Evils thickened, entirely unexpected, which brought out what was greatest in the character and genius of Washington; for he now was the mainstay of hope.  The first patriotic gush of enthusiasm had passed away.  War, under the most favorable circumstances, is no play; but under great difficulties, has a dismal and rugged look before which delusions rapidly disappear.  England was preparing new and much larger forces.  She was vexed, but not discouraged, having unlimited resources for war,—­money, credit, and military experience.  She proceeded to hire the services of seventeen thousand