England we see traits which did not characterize the Dutch settlers of New York; we find no patroons, no ambition to be great landed proprietors, no desire to live like country squires, as in Virginia.  They were more restless and enterprising than their Dutch neighbors, and with greater public spirit in dangers.  They loved the discussion of abstract questions which it was difficult to settle.  They produced a greater number of orators and speculative divines in proportion to their wealth and number than the Dutch, who were phlegmatic and fond of ease and comfort, and did not like to be disturbed by the discussion of novelties.  They had more of the spirit of progress than the colonists of New York.  There was a quiet growth among them of those ideas which favored political independence, while also there was more intolerance, both social and religious.  They hanged witches and persecuted the Quakers.  They kept Sunday with more rigor than the Dutch, and were less fond of social festivities.  They were not so genial and frank in their social gatherings, although fonder of excitement.

Among all the new settlers, however, both English and Dutch, we see one element in common,—­devotion to the cause of liberty and hatred of oppression and wrong, learned from the weavers of Ghent as well as from the burghers of Exeter and Bristol.

In another respect the Dutch and English resembled each other:  they were equally fond of the sea, and of commercial adventures, and hence were noted fishermen as well as thrifty merchants.  And they equally respected learning, and gave to all their children the rudiments of education.  At the time the great Puritan movement began, the English were chiefly agriculturists and the Dutch were merchants and manufacturers.  Wool was exported from England to purchase the cloth into which it was woven.  There were sixty thousand weavers in Ghent alone, and the towns and cities of Flanders and Holland were richer and more beautiful than those of England.

It will be remembered that New York (Nieuw Amsterdam) was settled by the Dutch in 1613, and Jamestown, Virginia, by the Elizabethan colonies in 1607.  So that both of these colonies antedated the coming of the Pilgrims to Massachusetts in 1620.  It is true that most of the histories of the United States have been written by men of New England origin, and that therefore by natural predilection they have made more of the New England influence than of the other elements among the Colonies.  Yet this is not altogether the result of prejudice; for, despite the splendid roll of soldiers and statesmen from the Middle and Southern sections of the country who bore so large a share in the critical events of the transition era of the Revolution, it remains that the brunt of resistance to tyranny fell first and heaviest on New England, and that the principal influences that prepared the general sentiment of revolt, union, war, and independence proceeded from those colonies.