disrepute of governments and partly because of the enormous accessions of power now accruing both to reactionism and radical revolutionism, or “Bolshevism,” is state socialism or nationalization, which leaves untouched all the fatal elements in industrialism while it changes only the agents of administration.  The complete collapse of able and constructive and righteous leadership, which is one of the startling phenomena of modernism, has left uncontrolled the enormous energy that has been released during the last three generations, and this is working blindly but effectively towards a cataclysm so precipitate and comprehensive that it is impossible not to fear that it may determine long before the sober and informed elements in society have accomplished very much in the recovery and establishment of sound and righteous principles and methods.

Of course we can compass whichever result we will.  We may shut our eyes to the omens and let matters drift to disaster, or we may take thought and council and avert the penalty that threatens us; the event is in our own hands.  It is as criminal to foresee and predict only catastrophe as it is to compass this through lethargy, selfishness and illusion.  We are bound to believe that righteousness will prevail, even in our own time, and believing this, what, in general terms will be the construction of the new system that must take the place of industrialism?

I have already indicated what seem to me the fundamental ideas as:  the small social unit that is self-sustaining; production primarily for use, cooeperation in place of competition; a revived guild system with the abolition of capitalism, exploitation and intensive specialization as we now know these dominant factors in modern civilization.  In the application of these principles there are certain innovations that will, I think, take place, and these may be listed somewhat as follows: 

Land holding will become universal and the true proletariat or landless class will disappear.  It may be that the holding of land will become a prerequisite to active citizenship.  Industrial production being for use not profit, the great city becomes a thing of the past, and life is rendered simpler through the elimination of a thousand useless and vicious luxuries; those employed in mechanical industries will be incalculably fewer than now, while those that remain will give only a portion of their time to industrial production, the remainder being available for productive work on their own gardens and farms.  The handicrafts will be restored to their proper place and dignity, taking over into creative labour large numbers of those who otherwise would be sacrificed to the factory system.  Where bulk production, as in weaving and the preparation and manufacturing of metals, is economical and unavoidable and carried on by factory methods, these manufactories will probably be taken over by the several communities (not by the state as a whole) and administered as public institutions for