di Romania and Hydra, while a powerful fleet put to sea from Alexandria.  No sooner did this fleet appear, however, than Canaris and Miaulis attacked it with their dreaded fire-ships, and the forty ships of Egypt fled from fourteen small Greek vessels, and re-entered the Dardanelles.  But the Turks, always more fortunate on land than by sea, pressed now the siege of the Acropolis, and Athens fell into their hands early in 1827.

For six or seven years the Greeks had struggled heroically; but relief was now at hand.  Russia and England signed a protocol on the 6th of July, and France soon after joined, to put an end to the sanguinary contest.  The terms proposed to the Sultan by the three great Powers were moderate,—­that he should still retain a nominal sovereignty over the revolted provinces and receive an annual tribute; but the haughty and exasperated Sultan indignantly rejected them, and made renewed preparations to continue the contest.  Ibrahim landed his forces on the Morea and renewed his depredations.  Once more the ambassadors of the allied Powers presented their final note to the Turkish government, and again it was insultingly disregarded.  The allied admirals then entered the port of Navarino, where the Turkish and Egyptian fleets were at anchor, with ten ships-of-the-line, ten frigates, with other vessels, altogether carrying thirteen hundred and twenty-four guns.  The Ottoman force consisted of seventy-nine vessels, armed with twenty-two hundred and forty guns.  Strict orders were given not to fire while negotiations were going on; but an accidental shot from a Turkish vessel brought on a general action, and the combined Turkish and Egyptian fleet was literally annihilated Oct. 20, 1827.  This was the greatest disaster which the Ottoman Turks had yet experienced; indeed, it practically ended the whole contest.  Christendom at last had come to the rescue, when Greece unaided was incapable of further resistance.

The battle of Navarino excited, of course, the wildest enthusiasm throughout Greece, and a corresponding joy throughout Europe.  Never since the battle of Lepanto was there such a general exultation among Christian nations.  This single battle decided the fate of Greece.  The admirals of the allied fleet were doubtless “the aggressors in the battle; but the Turks were the aggressors in the war.”

Canning of England did not live to enjoy the triumph of the cause which he had come to have so much at heart.  He was the inspiring genius who induced both Russia and France (now under Charles X.) to intervene.  Chateaubriand, the minister of Charles X., was in perfect accord with Canning from poetical and sentimental reasons.  Politically his policy was that of Metternich, who could see no distinction between the insurrection of Naples and that of Greece.  In the great Austrian’s eyes, all people alike who aspired to gain popular liberty or constitutional government were rebels to be crushed.  Canning, however, sympathized in