Their revenues are based on the value of the domestic
slave trade, which bears no resemblance to that of
the African slave trade. Ask Virginia or Maryland
long to sustain a policy, the result of which would
be to lower the price of her slaves in one day from
a thousand dollars to two cents! This is so clearly
felt in the extreme South, that the provisional constitution,
adopted at Montgomery, is drawn up with an express
view to reassuring the producing States on this point.
They are afraid of the African slave trade! It
shall not be reopened. They are anxious to sell
their negroes! They shall be bought only of those
States forming part of the Southern Confederacy.
It belongs to them to ask now whether this Montgomery
constitution, adopted for a year, really guarantees
any thing to them, and whether it is possible that
an attempt will not be made to revive the African
slave trade, provided the Southern Confederacy succeeds
in enduring. However this may be, they are held
apart by so many causes, that they would only unite
to-day to separate to-morrow. I know well that
the passions of slavery rule in many of the border
States, especially in Virginia, as violently as in
the extreme South. I do not disguise from myself
that the habit of sustaining a deplorable cause in
common has created between the border and the cotton
States a bond of long standing and difficult to break.
But I say this: the impulses of the first hour
will have their morrow; when the frontier States witness
the commencement of those territorial invasions which
must necessarily bring the African slave trade in their
train; when they know what reliance to place on the
fine promises made to-day to attract them; when they
perceive that in separating from the North, they themselves
have removed the sole obstacle in the way of the flight
of all their slaves; when, in fine, they feel weighing
upon them, and them first, the perils of an armed
struggle and a negro insurrection, they will listen
perhaps to those of their citizens who, even now, are
urging them to turn to the side of justice—of
justice and of safety. By the fewness of their
slaves, by the nature of their climate, which resembles
that of Marseilles and Montpellier, by the kind of
cultivation to which their country is adapted, by
the number of manufactures which are beginning to
be established among them, it seems as if they must
be led, or, at least, some day led back, to the policy
of union. This is no discovery: the seceded
States know it already; they form a separate band.
America has not forgotten the retreat of the seven,
which, a few months ago, dismembered the Democratic
Convention assembled at Charleston. These seven
were South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana; in other words, all
those States which were the first to vote for secession.
The same list, with the addition of Georgia and North
Carolina, appeared again on the day of the Presidential
election: these nine States alone adopted Mr.
Breckenridge as their candidate.