I must add that Professor Vambery does not assent to the form Keshikan, on the ground that this Persian plural is impossible in an old Tartar dialect, and he supposes the true word to be Kechilan or Kechiklen, “the night-watchers,” from Kiche or Kichek (Chag. and Uighur), = “night.”

I believe, however, that Persian was the colloquial language of foreigners at the Kaan’s court, who would not scruple to make a Persian plural when wanted; whilst Rashid has exemplified the actual use of this one.

(D’Ohsson, IV. 410; Gold.  Horde, 228, 238; Ilch. II. 184; Q.  R. pp. 308-309; Ayeen Akb. I. 270, and Blochmann’s, p. 115; J.  As. ser.  IV. tom. xix. 276; Olearius, ed. 1659, I. 656; Cathay, 135; De Mailla, ix. 106; Gaubil, p. 6; Pallas, Samml. I. 35.)

["By Keshican in Colonel Yule’s Marco Polo, Keshikten is evidently meant.  This is a general Mongol term to designate the Khan’s lifeguard.  It is derived from the word Keshik, meaning a guard by turns; a corps on tour of duty. Keshik is one of the archaisms of the Mongol language, for now this word has another meaning in Mongol.  Colonel Yule has brought together several explanations of the term.  It seems to me that among his suppositions the following is the most consistent with the ancient meaning of the word:—­

“We find Kishik still used at the court of Hindustan, under the great kings of Timur’s House, for the corps on tour of duty at the palace....  The royal guards in Persia, who watch the King’s person at night, are termed Keshikchi.”

“The Keshikten was divided into a day-watch called Turgaut and a night-watch Kebteul.  The Kebte-ul consisted of pure Mongols, whilst the Turgaut was composed of the sons of the vassal princes and governors of the provinces, and of hostages.  The watch of the Khan was changed every three days, and contained 400 men.  In 1330 it was reduced to 100 men.” (Palladius, 42-43.) Mr. E. H. Parker writes in the China Review, XVIII. p. 262, that they “are evidently the ‘body guards’ of the modern viceroys, now pronounced Kashiha, but, evidently, originally Keshigha.”  —­H.  C.]

[1] One of the nearest readings is that of the Brandenburg Latin collated
    by Mueller, which has Quaesicam.

CHAPTER XIII.

THE FASHION OF THE GREAT KAAN’S TABLE AT HIS HIGH FEASTS.