[The Rev. W. S. Ament (Marco Polo in Cambaluc, p. 106), makes the following remarks regarding this young prince (Chimkin):  “The historians give good reasons for their regard for Chen Chin.  He had from early years exhibited great promise and had shown great proficiency in the military art, in government, history, mathematics, and the Chinese classics.  He was well acquainted with the condition and numbers of the inhabitants of Mongolia and China, and with the topography and commerce of the Empire (Howorth).  He was much beloved by all, except by some of his father’s own ministers, whose lives were anything but exemplary.  That Kublai had full confidence in his son is shown by the fact that he put the collecting of taxes in his hands.  The native historians represent him as economical in the use of money and wise in the choice of companions.  He carefully watched the officers in his charge, and would tolerate no extortion of the people.  After droughts, famines or floods, he would enquire into the condition of the people and liberally supply their needs, thus starting them in life again.  Polo ascribes all these virtues to the Khan himself.  Doubtless he possessed them in greater or less degree, but father and son were one in all these benevolent enterprises.”—­H.  C.]

NOTE 2.—­The Chinese Annals, according to Pauthier and Gaubil, give only ten sons to Kublai, at least by his legitimate wives; Hammer’s Table gives twelve.  It is very probable that xxii. was an early clerical error in the texts of Polo for xii. Dodeci indeed occurs in one MS. (No. 37 of our Appendix F), though not one of much weight.

Of these legitimate sons Polo mentions, in different parts of his work, five by name.  The following is the list from Hammer and D’Ohsson, with the Chinese forms from Pauthier in parentheses.  The seven whose names are in capitals had the title of Wang or “King” of particular territories, as M. Pauthier has shown from the Chinese Annals, thus confirming Marco’s accuracy on that point.

I. Jurji or Dorje (Torchi).  II.  CHIMKIN or CHINGKIM (Yu Tsung, King of Yen, i.e.  Old Peking).  III.  MANGALAI (Mankola, “King of the Pacified West"), mentioned by Polo (infra, ch. xli.) as King of Kenjanfu or Shensi.  IV.  NUMUGAN (Numukan, “Pacifying King of the North"), mentioned by Polo (Bk.  IV. ch. ii.) as with King George joint leader of the Kaan’s army against Kaidu.  V. Kuridai (not in Chinese List).  VI.  HUKAJI (Hukochi, “King of Yunnan"), mentioned by Polo (infra, ch. xlix.) as King of Carajan.  VII.  AGHRUKJI or UKURUJI (Gaoluchi, “King of Siping” or Tibet).  VIII.  Abaji (Gaiyachi?).  IX.  KUKJU or GEUKJU (Khokhochu, “King of Ning” or Tangut).  X. Kutuktemur (Hutulu Temurh).  XI.  TUKAN (Thohoan, “King of Chinnan").  His command lay on the Tungking frontier, where he came to great grief in 1288, in consequence of which he was disgraced. (See Cathay, p. 272.) XII.  Temkan (not in Chinese List).  Gaubil’s Chinese List omits Hutulu Temurh, and introduces a prince called Gantanpouhoa as 4th son.